不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾生长、消化酶活性及其肌肉生化组成的影响

通过在人工配合饲料中分别添加5%的花生油、猪油、鱼油和豆油作为主要脂肪源,以商业饲料为对照,进行8周饲喂实验,研究不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)幼虾生长、消化酶活性及其肌肉生化组成的影响。结果显示,不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾的体长增长率和特定增长率影响不显著(P0.05);但增重率各组间存在显著性差异(P0.05),以豆油组最高,达到2332.93%,花生油组最低,为1839.50%;豆油组肝胰腺指数显著高于其他各组(P0.05),为0.75%。幼虾存活率以豆油组最高(P0.05),达到83.3%,鱼油组较低,仅为56.7%。不同脂肪源饲喂组的肝胰腺胃蛋白酶活力无显著差异(P0.05);脂肪酶活力花生油组显著高于其他实验组(P0.05),为1177.23U/g(prot);淀粉酶活力各组间差异显著(P0.05),由高到低依次为鱼油组、对照组、豆油组、猪油组、花生油组;纤维素酶活力以花生油组较高,为61.14U/(gprot()P0.05)。幼虾腹部肌肉中各种脂肪酸的含量明显受到饲料中脂肪酸种类和含量的影响,饱和脂肪酸含量猪油组显著高于其他组(P0.05);单不饱和脂肪酸以花生油组含量最高,豆油组最低;多不饱和脂肪酸则以豆油组含量最高(P0.05)。在各实验组中,豆油组红螯光壳螯虾幼体具有最高的体质量增长率和存活率,较高的肝胰腺指数和肝胰腺消化酶活力,豆油组幼虾腹部肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸尤其是亚油酸和亚麻酸含量也较高。因此,以豆油作为主要脂肪源能够满足红螯光壳螯虾幼体的生长需要,获得较好的饲养效果,并降低饲料成本。

Influence of different lipid sources on growth,digestive enzyme activity and fatty acid composition in juvenile red claw crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth, digestive enzyme activity and fatty acid composition in juvenile red claw crayfish, . Four oils, peanut oil, pork lard, fish oil and soybean oil, were added to the based diets containing 5% respectively. After 8 weeks, there were no significant difference (0.05) on length growth rate and special growth rate among all treatments. Red claw crayfish fed the diet with soybean oil had significantly (0.05) higher weight gain (2332.93%) and hepatopancreatic index (0.75%). The highest survival rate was found in red claw crayfish fed diet with soybean oil (83.3%), but lowest with fish oil (56.7%). Analysis of digestive enzyme profiles from the hepatopancreas revealed a positive correlation between enzyme activity and the diet lipid sources. There was no significant difference (0.05) among different lipid sources, which was falling as fish oil, contol, soybean oil, pork lard and peanut oil. Cellulase activity was highest (). Fatty acids composition, including Saturated fatty acids (SFA), Mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and Poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of tail muscle in juvenile red claw crayfish, was affected by different lipid sources. There were significantly highest content of SFA in pork lard group (0.05).Red claw crayfish fed diet with soybean oil had better growth index and enzyme activities compared to other diets. The content of PUFA especially linoleic acid and linolenic acid in tail muscle was higher than other groups. Based on these results, it suggested that using soybean oil as lipid source can afford more essential fatty acids (EFA) to juvenile red claw crayfish, which have better effects on growth, and also reduce the cost.