达氏鳇和施氏鲟生长差异群体肠道菌群特征

同塘生长差异常常导致鲟养殖产量受损, 而肠道菌群是影响鱼类生长性能的关键因素之一。为揭示肠道菌群与鲟科鱼类个体生长差异之间的关系, 本研究对同批次繁育、同条件养殖的生长速率差异大于体重 50%的达氏鳇 (Huso dauricus)和施氏鲟(Acipenser schrencki)群体进行了肠道菌群特征研究。结果表明, 达氏鳇和施氏鲟肠道菌群多样性和组成在种属间及生长差异群体间均具有明显差异。其中, 生长快速达氏鳇群体(LH)肠道优势菌属为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas, 67.0%), 生长慢速达氏鳇群体(SH)肠道优势菌属为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(29.5%)和狭义梭菌属 1 (Clostridium sensu stricto 1, 54.2%); 而生长快速施氏鲟群体(LA)肠道优势菌属为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(33.5%)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium, 38.1%), 生长中速施氏鲟群体(MA)肠道优势菌属为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(42.6%)、狭义梭菌属 1 (14.3%)和鲸杆菌属(33.0%)。鞘氨醇单胞菌属和梭菌科(Clostridiaceae)细菌是不同生长速率鲟肠道中的主要差异类群。综上可知, 鲟科鱼类肠道菌群的多样性和组成具有种属差异性和群体差异性, 鞘氨醇单胞菌属和梭菌科细菌可能是影响鲟科鱼类生长速率的关键细菌类群。

Gut microbiota of Huso dauricus and Acipenser schrencki populations with different growth rates

In sturgeon aquaculture, abnormal growth variations among fish in the same pond frequently result in decreased yields. The gut microbiota, a crucial component of the digestive system, plays a pivotal role in growth performance of these fish. Currently, there is limited research on the relationship between gut microbiota and individual growth differences in sturgeon. The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of the gut microbiota in populations of Huso dauricus and Acipenser schrencki in which growth rate differences exceeded 50% of body weight. The fish were bred at the same time and under identical conditions. The aim was to uncover the relationship between sturgeon growth rate and the composition of the gut microbiota. The results revealed notable differences in gut microbiota diversity and composition between H. dauricus and A. schrencki, as well as among different populations in both species. In the fast-growing population of H. dauricus (LH), the dominant genus in the gut was Sphingomonas (67.0%), whereas in the slow-growing population of the same species (SH), the dominant taxa were Sphingomonas (29.5%) and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (54.2%). In the fast-growing population of A. schrencki (LA), the dominant genera in the gut were Sphingomonas (33.5%) and Cetobacterium (38.1%), whereas in the medium-growing population of the same species (MA), the dominant taxa were Sphingomonas (42.6%), Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (14.3%), and Cetobacterium (33.0%). Sphingomonas and Clostridiaceae were the primary discriminatory taxa in the gut microbiota of sturgeon exhibiting varying growth rates. In conclusion, species-specific variations were evident in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in sturgeon. Genetic factors play a crucial role in shaping and selectively altering the gut microbiota in animals, including fish. Moreover, each individual fish harbors a distinctive ecosystem within its gut, which is influenced by genetic factors and contributes, to some extent, to the determination of the types and quantities of gut microbiota. There is evidently a close relationship between the gut microbiota and fish growth, as the gut microbiota directly or indirectly impacts the growth rate of the fish through its involvement in digestion, immunity, and metabolism. In particular, Sphingomonas and Clostridiaceae may exert a pivotal influence on sturgeon growth rates. These findings provide initial insights into the link between the gut microbiota of sturgeon and growth rates, offering a theoretical foundation for the precise modulation of the intestinal microbiota to attain rapid growth of sturgeon in aquaculture.