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威海双岛海域人工鱼礁区大型海藻夏季群落结构变化 
引用本文:刘国山,佟飞,蔡星媛,李文涛,张秀梅.威海双岛海域人工鱼礁区大型海藻夏季群落结构变化 [J].中国水产科学,2014,21(5):1010-1019.
作者姓名:刘国山  佟飞  蔡星媛  李文涛  张秀梅
作者单位:1. 中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003;天津市水产研究所,天津300221
2. 中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛,266003
基金项目:农业部公益性行业科研专项,海洋公益性行业科研专项
摘    要:2013年6月和8月,采用潜水采样和录像的方法调查了威海双岛海域人工鱼礁区内礁石上附着的大型海藻,并分析了海藻群落组成与环境因子的关系.2次调查共采集到大型海藻9种,其中红藻门5种、褐藻门和绿藻门各2种.夏末和夏初的海藻群落相似度为20.35%,对相似性贡献最大的5种海藻分别为金膜藻(Chrysymenia wrightii)、日本异管藻(Hterosiphonia japonica)、扁江蓠(Gracilaria textorii)、海黍子(Sargassum muticum)和孔石莼(Ulvapertusa).夏末的海藻生物量密度(243.83 g/m2)高于夏初(164.99 g/m2),但覆盖率由64.53%~91.20%降至52.53%~72.53%(威海圣鲲礁区除外),绝对优势种由夏初的日本异管藻演替为夏末的金膜藻.根据主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA)结果,影响海藻群落变化的环境因子中,前3位分别为水温、盐度和水底照度;夏末,由于水体透明度较低(<2.0 m),光照条件可能成为海藻分布的限制因子.另外,夏末污损生物的大量出现在一定程度上影响了海藻的覆盖率.

关 键 词:海藻群落  人工鱼礁  覆盖率  环境因子
修稿时间:2014/9/12 0:00:00

Variation in the macroalgae community structure during summer in the artificial reef zones of Shuangdao Bay, Weihai, Shandong Prov- ince, China 
LIU Guoshan,TONG Fei,CAI Xingyuan,LI Wentao,ZHANG Xiumei.Variation in the macroalgae community structure during summer in the artificial reef zones of Shuangdao Bay, Weihai, Shandong Prov- ince, China [J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2014,21(5):1010-1019.
Authors:LIU Guoshan  TONG Fei  CAI Xingyuan  LI Wentao  ZHANG Xiumei
Institution:LIU Guoshan1, 2, TONG Fei1, CAI Xingyuan1, LI Wentao1, ZHANG Xiumei1
Abstract:

  Artificial reefs provide a substrate for macroalgae to form artificial algal beds. We surveyed the sessile macroalgae community in four artificial reef zones(ARZ) of Jiaming, Beihai, Shengkun, and Tonxin in Shuangdao Bay in June and August, 2013. These reefs were constructed in 2006, 2006, 2010, 2008. We documented the composition of the macroalgal communities and the interactions between the communities and environmental factors. Ten transects (50 cm × 50 cm) were set randomly in each ARZ. All the macroalgae in a transect were collected by a SCUBA diver. Additionally, underwater videos were taken to provide additional information. Environmental factors (temperature, light intensity, pH, DO, salinity, depth, and transparency) were recorded at the time of collection. The samples of algae were identified, measured, and weighed in the laboratory. We identified 9 species, including 5 species of Rhodophyta, 2 species of Phaeophyta, and 2 species of Chlorophyta. Rhodophyta was the most abundant genera, accounting for 93.69% of the biomass in June and 85.26% in August. The macroalgal communities differed significantly between the surveys in June and August, with a dissimilarity score of 79.65%, based on analysis of similarities (ANOSIM). Over 90% of the dissimilarity was contributed by five species, Chrysymenia wrightii, Heterosiphonia japonica, Gracilaria textorii, Sargassum muticum, and Ulva pertusa. The macroalgal community composition was similar at Jiaming and Tongxin (R = 0.059 in June and 0.217 in August, P>0.1, ANOSIM). The biomass increased from 164.99 g/m2 (June) to 243.829 g/m2 (August), whereas the percentage cover decreased from 64.53%–91.20% (June) to 52.53%–72.53% (August), except in the Shengkun ARZ. The dominant species was H. japonica in June and C. wrightii in August. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis and clusters based on Bray-Curtis similarities revealed that the ARZs could be divided into four clusters, one containing Jiaming, Beihai, and Tongxin in June, one containing these three ARZs in August, one containing Shengkun in June, and one containing Shengkun in August. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), water temperature, salinity, and benthic light intensity have the most influence on macroalgae community composition. Temperature was the most important factor, accounting for 45.30% of the variation in the communities. The communities in June consisted primarily of cold and warm temperate species whereas those in August consisted primarily of subtropical and warm temperate species. The relationship between salinity and community structure may be a function of the large amount of rainfall that occurred in August, whereas the effect of salinity might be negligible in other circumstances over a year. The transparency depth was ca. 2.5 m in June, but less than 2.0 m in August. Thus, light may be a limiting factor for the distribution of macroalgae. The ARZ in Shengkun had the lowest biomass, potentially a function of low light levels due to its depth. Additionally, blooms of fouling organisms (Spongiidae, Ciona intestinalis and Obelia sp.) in August affected the percentage rate. The appearance and abundance of Phaeophyta is representative of the maturity of the macroalgal communities. However, Phaeophyta was only found at the Beihai ARZ, a site that was deployed ca. seven years previously. Given the poor underwater light conditions, we speculate that the macroalgal communities in Shuangdao Bay require >7 years to mature. 

Keywords:macroalgae community  artificial reef  percentage rate  environmental factors
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