海洋牧场景观生态分类研究：以柘林湾海洋牧场为例

近年来，中国海洋牧场研究与建设发展迅速，带动了海洋牧场休闲渔业和旅游业的发展，但由于海洋牧场休闲渔业发展模式较为单一，对海洋牧场可观赏性景观开发理论方面研究较少。本研究以柘林湾海洋牧场为例，应用景观生态分类理论方法，对其进行景观生态分类，建立柘林湾海洋牧场景观生态分类系统，将柘林湾海洋牧场划分为3个一级景观、5个二级景观和16个三级景观，并应用空间分析技术绘制了各级景观生态分类示意图，讨论分析了其景观分布状况。该研究初步形成了海洋牧场景观生态分类系统，可为下一步进行海洋牧场景观格局规划研究提供理论依据，对海洋牧场生态、经济和社会效益的提高及可持续发展具有重要的理论意义。

Ecological Classification of Marine Ranching Based on Landscape Ecology: A Case Study of Zhelin Bay Marine Ranching

In recent years, the research and construction of marine ranching in China have developed rapidly, which has promoted the development of marine ranching recreational fisheries and tourism industry. With the development of marine ranching recreational fishery, people need increasing recreational and ornamental tourism facilities, which requires more scientific ecological planning and management of the recreational marine ranching landscape. At present, the domestic recreational marine ranching mostly concentrates on fishing for the main leisure facilities, with fewer tourist ornamental landscapes and usually single types. Taking the marine ranching in Zhelin Bay as an example, the landscape ecological classification system of marine ranching in Zhelin Bay was established by applying the theory and method of landscape ecological classification. According to the similarity of appearance of features and related attributes, basic units were gathered into classes from the lowest level according to the top-down classification level principle of landscape ecological classification. The marine ranching in Zhelin Bay is divided into three first-level landscapes, five second-level landscapes, and sixteen third-level landscapes. The spatial analysis technique was applied to draw the landscape ecological classification diagram for each level, and the landscape distribution was discussed and analyzed. This study initially formed the marine ranching landscape ecological classification system, which provided the preliminary guidance and theoretical basis for further planning and research on the landscape pattern of marine ranching, and has important theoretical significance for improving the ecological and social benefits of marine ranching and promotion of the sustainable development of marine ranching. Promoting the upgrade of marine ranching to recreational fisheries and planning the construction of a visual ecological landscape could contribute to the construction of a marine ranching ecological civilization. Through the organic combination of the marine ranching natural environment, culture, and art, full use of the natural landscape resources and human landscape resources could be used and open up a new road for the development of marine ranching leisure fisheries and tourism.