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饵料和养殖密度对中国对虾幼虾生长及存活率的影响
引用本文:张天时,孔杰,刘萍,张庆文,王清印.饵料和养殖密度对中国对虾幼虾生长及存活率的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2008,29(3).
作者姓名:张天时  孔杰  刘萍  张庆文  王清印
作者单位:农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071
基金项目:山东省自然科学基金 , 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划) , 农业部优势农产品重点技术示范推广项目
摘    要:在实验用虾遗传背景一致的情况下,分析了3种饵料(配合饲料、冰冻鲜鱼肉和活卤虫)和4个不同的养殖密度对小水体中国对虾幼虾生长和存活率的影响。结果表明,饵料和饲养密度对中国对虾幼虾生长及存活率有显著影响。在饵料、养殖密度单因子实验及饵料和养殖密度相结合的双因子实验中,幼虾的生长均表现出极其显著的差异(P<0.01),活卤虫对幼虾生长的效应尤为突出。而养殖密度对中国对虾的行为生物学、个体间体重增量均有影响。随着养殖密度的提高,中国对虾增重变慢;同时,个体间体重增量差异变大。随着养殖密度的增加,中国对虾幼虾的存活率呈下降趋势,但不同饵料对存活率影响变化幅度较大,波动在58.1%~85.2%之间,其中投喂活卤虫养殖密度为50尾/桶的存活率最高(85.2%);投喂配合饵料4个养殖密度梯度的存活率变化不明显;而投喂冰冻鱼肉4个养殖密度梯度的存活率变化较大。因此,采用合适的饵料和养殖密度,能够提高中国对虾的生长速度,提高对虾养成存活率,改善生长过程中对虾群体体长、体重的整齐度。

关 键 词:中国对虾  养殖密度  生长  存活率

Effect of diet and stocking density on growth and survivorship of juvenile shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis
ZHANG Tian-shi,KONG Jie,LIU Ping,ZHANG Qing-wen,WANG Qing-yin.Effect of diet and stocking density on growth and survivorship of juvenile shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2008,29(3).
Authors:ZHANG Tian-shi  KONG Jie  LIU Ping  ZHANG Qing-wen  WANG Qing-yin
Abstract:The effect of different diets and stocking densities on the growth and survivorship of juvenile shrimps Fenneropenaeus chinensis with identical genetic background were studied.Juvenile shrimps were fed with three diets,including formulated feeds,frozen fresh fish and live Artemia sp.and cultured at four stocking densities(50,100,150,200 shrimps per tank),respectively.The results showed that the diet and the stocking density had great effect on growth and survivorship of juvenile F.chinensis cultured in small water bodies.Analyses of variance for growth showed significant difference among single factor treatments of diets or densities,and among double factor treatments of diet-densities(P<0.01).Juvenile shrimps F.chinensis fed on Artemia sp.showed the fastest growth.The behavior and weight gain of the shrimps were affected by stocking density.Shrimps grown at higher densities showed lower weight gain with a greater variation compared to those at lower densities.Survivorship of the shrimps was suppressed when they were at higher stocking densities.However,different diets had different effect on survivorship,which varied between 58.1% and 85.2%.Juvenile shrimps F.chinensis fed on Artemia sp.at a stocking density of 50 shrimps per tank showed the highest survivorship(85.2%).No significant difference in survivorship was found for shrimps fed on the formulated feed and reared at four different stocking densities;while significant difference in survivorship was found for those fed on frozen fresh fish.It is concluded that,optimum diet and stocking density can enhance the growth rate,survivorship and uniformity in cultured juvenile shrimps F.chinensis.
Keywords:Fenneropenaeus chinensis Stocking density Growth Survivorship
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