獐子岛邻近海域悬浮颗粒物的时空分布特性

根据2015年秋季(10月)和2016年冬季(1月)、春季(4月)、夏季(7月)4个航次的调查研究,分析了獐子岛养殖海域表、底层水体中总悬浮颗粒物(TPM)、颗粒有机物(POM)和颗粒有机物比例(PCOM,%)的时空分布特征,结合POM与叶绿素a(Chl-a)及环境因子的相关性分析,探讨了悬浮颗粒物的影响因素及其与虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)底播养殖之间的潜在联系。结果显示,獐子岛海域TPM和POM的浓度变化范围分别为16.76~97.54、2.20~17.20 mg/L,年平均浓度分别为(31.65±9.58)、(6.97±2.08)mg/L。PCOM值的变化范围为8.69%~37.09%,平均值为(22.25±4.18)%。TPM浓度的季节变化趋势为秋季春季夏季冬季,最大值出现在秋季表层。而POM和PCOM的最高值出现在夏季,冬季的值最低。POM与TPM的平面分布趋势相似,大部分海域的平面分布比较均匀;春、夏季POM的分布呈现中部略高、四周略低的特点,秋、冬季与之相反;夏季底层显著高于表层(P0.01),其他季节表、底层无显著差异(P0.05)。4个季节中,獐子岛海域的POM与Chl-a的含量呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01);其中,春季底层和夏季表层的POM与Chl-a均存在极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。另外,只有夏季表层POM与盐度之间存在显著负相关关系(P0.05),说明夏季陆源输入对该海域的悬浮颗粒有机物有显著影响。

The Spatial-Temporal Distribution of the Suspended Particulate Matter in the Water Adjacent to the Zhangzidao Island

Water samples at different depth were collected during 4 cruises nearby the Zhangzidao Island in October 2015 and January, April and July 2016. The spatial-temporal distribution of total particulate matter (TPM), particulate organic matter (POM) and organic content (defined as PCOM, %) in the surface and bottom layers were analyzed. With the results of the regression analysis of POM with Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and other environmental factors, the potential interaction between the scallop culture and the suspended particulate matter was analyzed, and the major influencing factors of the latter were also discussed. The results were described as follows. Concentration ranges of TPM and POM nearby the Zhangzidao Island were (16.760~97.54) mg/L and (2.20~17.20) mg/L respectively, and their annual averages were (31.65±9.58) and (6.97±2.08) mg/L. The PCOM ranged from 8.69% to 37.09%, with an average of (22.25±4.18)%. The TPM concentration showed a seasonal trend as autumn> spring>summer>winter. The highest TPM concentration was found in the surface layer in autumn. However, the highest and lowest POM concentrations and the organic contents appeared in summer and winter respectively. The concentrations of POM and TPM had a similar pattern of horizontal distribution in most areas. Higher POM concentration was found in the central area compared to the surroundings in spring and summer, and the opposite pattern was found in autumn and winter. The concentrations of POM and TPM in the bottom water were significantly higher (P<0.01) than in the surface water in summer, but there was no difference in the other seasons (P>0.05). In all 4 seasons, there was significantly positive correlation (P<0.01) between POM and Chl-a nearby the Zhangzidao Island. In addition, there was also positive correlation (P<0.01) between POM and Chl-a in the bottom layer in spring and the surface layer in summer. A negative correlation was found between POM and salinity only in the surface water in summer, which indicated that the land sources might affect the concentration of POM in summer.