用微卫星标记分析湘华鲮野生群体遗传多样性

为了解湘华鲮天然种质资源现状，用38对鲤科鱼类微卫星引物对其群体进行全基因组扫描，结果筛选出15对能够获得稳定扩增条带的引物。以鲮鱼养殖群体为对照群体。在15个微卫星位点中，湘华鲮多态性位点9个，对照群体6个。通过分析湘华鲮微卫星位点PCR产物的电泳图谱，共检测到40个等位基因，每个位点的等位基因数目介于1～5之间，其平均等位基因数为2．67个，平均有效等位基因数为1．47个，平均观察杂合度为0．2289，平均期望杂合度为0．2730，平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0．2440，多数Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离指数值偏离平衡值，与对照组无显著性差异。本研究表明湘华鲮野生种群结构不合理，遗传多样性低，种质资源处于危险状态。

Genetic Diversity Analysis on Wild Sinilabeo Decorus tungting Population Using Microsatellite Markers

In order to know the present germ plasm resources status of wild Decorus tungting species, thirty - eight pairs of repor- ted primers were applied to scan its genomic DNA. Fifteen pairs of primers producing clear bands were selected out of these prim- ers. Among fifteen microsatellite loci, there were nine polymorphism loci in wild Decorus tungting population while six polymor-phism loci in the control population. The cultured Cirrhina molitorella population was taken as control. In wild Decorus tungting population, electrophoresis analysis showed that forty alleles were detected in total and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 5. The results also indicated that the mean values of alleles, effective alleles, observed heterozygosity, expected het- erozygosity, polymorphism information content per locus were 2. 67, 1. 47, 0. 2289, 0. 2730 and 0. 2440 respectively. Most of Hardy - Weinberg departure values were departed from Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium. There was no great difference be-tween wild Decorus tungting and the control population. In this study, it was concluded that the population structure of wild De-corus tungting was unreasonable and its genetic diversity was at a lower level. So its present germ plasm resource was in danger.