不同形状的附着基对仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka）幼参生长的影响

在水温9.0-16.0℃下,将体质量0.5g±0.2g的仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka）放养在放置了混凝土制的中空型（A类）、楼层型（B类）和井字型（C类）附着基的塑料水槽（45cm×31cm×30cm）中,投喂配合饲料,采用每周清洗一次附着基（A’组、B组’和C’组）和不清洗附着基（A组、B组和C组）的方法饲养80d,研究了3种形状附着基对仿刺参生长的影响。结果表明,清洗对仿刺参特殊增长率有极显著影响（P〈0.01）,清洗与附着基形状的交互作用对仿刺参特殊增长率有显著影响（P〈0.05）。清洗的楼层型附着基组（B’组）特殊增长率最高,不清洗的楼层型（B组）最低,两者之间差异显著。饲养的前60d,放置不同形状附着基的水槽水中亚硝酸、氨氮和COD等的含量低而稳,各组间差异不显著。但后期各组上述水化学指标急剧上升;定期清洗的水中均低于不清洗组。放置附着基而不清洗的水槽中的仿刺参体腔液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和溶菌酶（LYS）的活性分别比冲洗的水槽中高32.28%、9.17%和5.71%。A组仿刺参体腔液中SOD的活性与A’组差异极显著（P〈0.01）,B组与B’组差异显著（P〈0.05）,C组与C’差异极显著（P〈0.01）。文中从生态作用和空间面积比例等讨论了附着基结构与功能对仿刺参生长影响的机理。

Effects of Shelter Shape on Growth in Juvenile Sea Cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus Selenka）

Juvenile sea cucumber（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka）with body weight of 0.5 g±0.2 g was reared in tanks of each 45 cm×31 cm×30 cm in which three shapes of shelters including hollow cubic type（Shelter A,Group A）,storied building type（Shelter B,Group B）,and #-shaped type（Shelter C,Group C）were displaced at water temperature of 9.0～16.0℃ for 80 days with triplication to study the effects of shelter shapes on growth of the sea cucumber.The tanks with the shelters were divided into two groups： one group in which the shelters were washed once a week（Group A’,Group B’and Group C’）and the other group in which the shelters were not washed（Group A,Group B and Group C）.The results showed that washing shelters had a very significant effecton the special growth rate（SGR）of the sea cucumber（P＆lt;0.01）,the interaction between cleaning shelters and the shelter shapes of had a significant effect on SGR of sea cucumber（P＆lt;0.05）.The maximal SGR was observed in the sea cucumber juveniles in Group B’and the minimal SGR in Group B,with significant differences between the two groups.There were lower and constant levels of nitrite,and ammonia and activity of superoxide dismutase（COD）in the water in the tanks with various shape shelters during the early 60 day of the experiment,without significant differences.However,the nitrite,ammonia and COD levels were found to be increased in the water in the test tanks,lower in the cleaned tanks than those in the unwashed tanks.There were 32.28% higher activity of SOD,9.17% higher acid phosphatase（ACP）activity and 5.71% higher lysozyme（LYS）activity in the coelomic fluid of the sea cucumber in the tanks with the uncleaned shelters than those in the sea cucumber in the tanks with the cleaned shelters.In all experimental groups,the activity of SOD in group A and A ’group was very significantly different（P＆lt;0.01）,B group and B’ group were significantly differen（tP＆lt;0.05）,C group and C ’ were very significant difference（P＆lt;0.01）.The mechanism on effects of shelter structure and function on growth of the sea cucumber was ecologically discussed from spatial proportion of a shelter.