日本囊对虾亲虾无水包装技术与应用

本文报道了以冷冻木屑为填充料，长途运输日本囊对虾（Marsupenaeus japonicas）亲虾的无水包装技术及其应用实验。亲虾在室温条件下经3-5h适应性暂养后，以1℃·h^-1降温速率逐步降至15℃，并维持该温度。包装前1h再把水温降至亲虾出现僵硬或侧卧为冷休克标志，大约11℃左右。包装时，在泡沫箱内铺上冷冻木屑3～5cm，再放上一层排列整齐的亲虾，如此一层木屑一层亲虾，至表层以木屑装满箱为止。一个航空运输专用箱（60×45×32cm）可装70-80尾亲虾。箱内可根据运输时间放置降温剂（干冰）1-2块。2004年-2006年，从厦门空运亲虾到河北黄骅市渤海水产资源增殖站，36批次，亲虾总数量达16584尾，运输过程死亡1436尾，存活率为91.34%。文中还就包装过程人为操作不当的影响、常见问题和各种活虾运输方法的利弊进行了分析与讨论。

The Techniques and Application of Anhydrous Packaging with Chilled Sawdust in Long-distance Transportation of Live Kuruma Shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus Broodstock

This article attempts to describe in detail techniques and application of anhydrous packaging with chilled sawdust in long-distance transportation of live kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus broodstock. The broodstock were acclimatized for 3-5 hr under the condition of room temperature, and the water temperature was gradually dropped at a rate of 1℃·h^-1 to 15℃which was main-tained. One hour before the packing, the water temperature was again made to drop to the temperature（some 11℃） at which the c old shock sign of the shrimp, stiff or lying on side, appeared. During the process of packing, 3-5 cm layer of chilled sawdust was put at the bottom of a foam box, then a layer of neat rows of shrimp was put on the chilled sawdust, and a layer of chilled sawdust was again put on shrimp until the top surface of box was filled with chilled sawdust. A special air transport box （60×45×32cm） can hold 70-80 shrimps., and 1-2 pieces of the cooling agent（dry ice） were placed in the box according to the air transportation period. From 2004 to 2006, a total number of 16584 shrimp（36 batches）were transported from Xiamen to Huanghua Bohai Multiplication Station of Aquatic Resources of Hebei Province by air, with survival rate of 91.34%.The harmful effects caused by improper handling and common prob-lems during the packing process, the pros and cons of various methods to transport live shrimp were also analyzed and discussed.