黄河河口淡水湿地生态补水研究

在河口地区植被类型、土地利用演变分析基础上,研究建立了黄河三角洲湿地生态补水的地表水-地下水模型,构建了湿地补水的景观生态决策支持系统和河口湿地生态需水的生态-水文模拟系统.选择丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和黑嘴鸥(Larus saundersi)为生态需水研究的指示物种,模拟补水量分别为2.8亿、3.5亿和4.2亿m3.模拟补水方案下,补水区域200m范围内地下水水位抬升1m以上,补水区域200～1000m范围内地下水水位抬升0.1～1m；植被类型演替,尤其是湿生沼泽、普通草甸、灌丛等面积增加；指示鸟类数量显著增加,生态承载力大幅提高,但承载水平并未随补水量持续增加而显著持续增长；湿地生态功能基本上得到恢复,湿地生态价值明显提高,但当水量增加到一定程度时,增加补水产生的生态价值差别较小.适宜的补水方案是:一般年份补水3.5亿m3,干旱年份补水4.2亿m3,湿润年份补水2.8亿m3.

Study on Ecological Water Demand and Water Regulation Effect for Fresh Water Wetlands

Integrated with knowledge in aspects of ecology, hydrology, water resources, soil, phytophysiology, avian ecology etc., and based on analysis of vegetation types and land use evolution in the estuary area, the study set up the Hydraulics-Groundwater Model, and Landscape Ecological Decision Support System for wetlands watering, thus a systematic ecology-hydrological modeling system for Yellow River delta wetlands ecological water compensation was formed. According to the Yellow River water resources actual support conditions, the estuary wetlands reasonable protection scale and fresh water demand were determined, and wetlands ecological effect evaluation under water regulation was conducted.