赤水河河源段栖息地现状评价及修复对策探讨

对受损栖息地进行保护与修复是复苏河湖生态环境的重要举措。本文以赤水河河源段为研究区域，综合考虑区域内小水电拆除对鱼类栖息地的影响，依据AHP-熵权法，筛选了金沙鲈鲤、青石爬鮡、圆口铜鱼、岩原鲤、昆明裂腹鱼、长薄鳅六种优先保护鱼类，构建了基于河流地貌特征、水文、水质及鱼类等四方面的河道栖息地健康评价指标体系，建立了多尺度赤水河河源段栖息地综合评价标准。评价结果显示该河段仅30%河道栖息地为较好状况，50%河道栖息地处于一般状况，20%河道栖息地处于较差状况。小水电拆除可以有效恢复鱼类栖息地，但其质量仍需进一步提升，结合对研究区栖息地现状评估结果，可采取河道清理、卵砾石注入、河段平面形态修复等五种修复对策。

Health Status Assessment and Restoration Strategies of Habitat in the Headwaters of Chishui River Based on Fish Protection Priority

Protecting and restoring damaged habitats is an important measure to restore the ecological environment of rivers and lakes. In this paper, the headwaters of the Chishui River are taken as the research section, and the disturbance to fish habitats caused by the removal of small hydropower in the region is comprehensively considered. According to the AHP-Entropy weight method, six species of priority protected fish were screened, including Percocypris pingi, Euchiloglanis davidi, Coreius guichenoti, Procypris rabaudi, Schizothorax grahami, and Leptobotia elongata. Constructed a river habitat health evaluation index system based on four aspects of river landform characteristics, hydrology and water quality, and fish, and established a multi-scale Chishui Comprehensive evaluation standards for habitats in the headwaters of rivers. The evaluation results showed that only 30% of the river habitat is in good condition, 50% of the river habitat is in normal condition, and 20% of the river habitat is in poor condition. Small hydropower demolition can effectively restore fish habitats, but its quality still needs to be further improved. Combined with the assessment results of the habitat status of the study area, five restoration strategies can be adopted, including river channel cleaning, gravel injection, and river section plane shape restoration.