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漳河山西段鱼类和大型底栖动物群落结构特征
引用本文:李超,王爱花,惠晓梅,杜世勋,郭新亚.漳河山西段鱼类和大型底栖动物群落结构特征[J].水生态学杂志,2020,41(6):122-132.
作者姓名:李超  王爱花  惠晓梅  杜世勋  郭新亚
作者单位:山西省生态环境研究中心,山西省生态环境研究中心,山西省生态环境研究中心,山西省生态环境研究中心,山西省生态环境研究中心
基金项目:山西省2016地表水跨界断面水质考核补偿专项省本级项目(山西省水生生物多样性调查评估)
摘    要:2017年对漳河山西段鱼类、大型底栖动物进行调查,分析物种组成、多样性及空间差异特征。结果显示:(1)共采集到鱼类24种,优势种为棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis (Basilewsky, 1855)、麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846)、拉氏大吻鱥Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski, 1869)、高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1867)、中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis Günther, 1868、子陵吻鰕虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus Rutter, 1879;大型底栖动物44种,年平均密度为256个/m2,优势种为中华锯齿米虾Neocaridina denticulate sinensis Kemp、蜉蝣科稚虫Ephemeridae、扁蜉科稚虫Heptageniidae、椭圆萝卜螺Radix swinhoei H.Adams。(2)各采样河段鱼类Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数平均值分别为1.53、1.68,夏季多样性好于春、秋季;大型底栖动物两个多样性指数平均值分别为1.14、1.47,春季多样性好于夏、秋季。(3)聚类分析结果显示,鱼类组成分为清漳河、浊漳河两组,清漳河鱼类指示物种包括短须颌须鮈Gnathopogon imberbis (Sauvage et Dabry, 1874)、拉氏大吻鱥Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski, 1869),浊漳河指示物种为鳑鲏属Rhodeus的鱼类;大型底栖动物组成同样分为清漳河、浊漳河两组,清漳河平均密度及物种数低于浊漳河,其昆虫纲蜻蜓目物种数多于浊漳河,而昆虫纲龙虱科、蝎蝽科、黾蝽科、鱼蛉科以及甲壳纲、腹足纲、双壳纲、寡毛纲、蛭纲的物种数少于浊漳河。底栖动物物种结构的差异受流域内营养物质输入以及水环境质量的影响较大。

关 键 词:鱼类    大型底栖动物    聚类分析    多样性
收稿时间:2019/1/3 0:00:00
修稿时间:2020/12/4 0:00:00

Fish and Macrobenthos Community Structures in the Shanxi Section of Zhanghe River
LI Chao,WANG Ai-hu,HUI Xiao-mei,DU Shi-xun,GUO Xin-ya.Fish and Macrobenthos Community Structures in the Shanxi Section of Zhanghe River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2020,41(6):122-132.
Authors:LI Chao  WANG Ai-hu  HUI Xiao-mei  DU Shi-xun  GUO Xin-ya
Institution:Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science in Shanxi,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science in Shanxi,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science in Shanxi,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science in Shanxi,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science in Shanxi
Abstract:An investigation of fish and macrobenthos were carried out in the natural reach of Zhang River in 2017, and then the community structure, diversity characteristics, temporal and spatial distribution were analysed. The results showed that: (1) A total of 24 species of fishes and 44 species of macrobenthos were collected. The dominant fishes were Abbottina rivularis (Basilewsky, 1855), Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846), Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski, 1869), Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1867), Rhodeus sinensis Günther, 1868, Rhinogobius giurinus Rutter, 1879. And the average density of macrobenthos were 256 ind/m2, Neocaridina denticulate sinensis Kemp, Ephemeridae, Heptageniidae, Radix swinhoei H.Adams were dominant macrobenthos. (2) Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef indice of fish were 1.53and 1.68, respectively. And the diversity in summer is better than that in spring and autumn. Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indice of macrobenthos were 1.14 and 1.47, respectively. And the diversity in spring is better than that in summer and autumn.(3) The results of clustering analysis indicated that fishes communities in Zhanghe River were divided into two groups: Qingzhang River and Zhuozhang River. Gnathopogon imberbis (Sauvage et Dabry, 1874), Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski, 1869) mainly distributed in Qingzhang River, while Rhodeus in Zhuozhang River. Macrobenthos communities were also divided into Qingzhang River and Zhuozhang River. Odonata species of Qingzhang River were more than Zhuozhang River, while Dytiscidae, Nepidae, Gerridae, Corydalidae of Insecta and Crustacea, Gastropoda Cuvier 1797, Bivalvia, Oligochaeta, Clitellata species were less than Zhuozhang River. The difference of macrobenthos species structure was significantly influenced by nutrient input and water environment quality.
Keywords:fish  macrobenthos  cluster analysis  diversity
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