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梯级开发下金沙江下游鱼类群落结构特征及环境驱动因子
引用本文:屈霄,郭传波,熊芳园,辛未,陈宇顺,苏巍.梯级开发下金沙江下游鱼类群落结构特征及环境驱动因子[J].水生态学杂志,2020,41(6):46-56.
作者姓名:屈霄  郭传波  熊芳园  辛未  陈宇顺  苏巍
作者单位:中国三峡集团中华鲟研究所三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室,中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,中国三峡集团中华鲟研究所三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室
基金项目:三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室开放课题项目(Y641291201);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRW-ZS-2017-3-2);中国科学院百人计划项目(Y62302)。
摘    要:为了探明梯级电站开发下金沙江下游鱼类群落的结构特征及主要环境驱动因子,于2017年对春季和秋季金沙江下游尚未建成的乌东德和白鹤滩水电站江段以及已下闸蓄水的溪洛渡和向家坝水电站江段应用多网目复合刺网进行了鱼类群落定量研究,同时运用多种统计分析方法分析了鱼类多样性特征以及鱼类群落与环境因子的关系。研究发现仍保持正常流水未成库区的乌东德和白鹤滩江段鱼类群落与已成库区的溪洛渡和向家坝江段有着明显的差异。在仍为峡谷激流型生境的江段,鱼类组成以土著特有鱼类为主,优势种为喜流水的圆口铜鱼C. guichenoti、泉水鱼P. procheilus、犁头鳅L. fimbriata;而在已蓄水的库区江段,鱼类组成多为长江中下游常见种类,优势种为喜静水缓流的?H. leucisculus、飘鱼P. sinensis、似鱎T. wwinhonis。应用典范对应分析对鱼类群落与环境因子做了相关分析,发现影响金沙江下游鱼类群落的主要环境驱动因子包括水深、总固体悬浮物、电导率、pH和水温等。这些研究结果为制定金沙江下游鱼类种质资源和生物多样性保护的相关管理政策提供了基础与支撑。

关 键 词:金沙江  梯级电站  鱼类群落  环境驱动因子  生物多样性  生境
收稿时间:2020/6/19 0:00:00
修稿时间:2020/8/29 0:00:00

Characterization of the Fish Community and Environmental Driving Factors during Development of Cascaded Dams in the Lower Jinsha River
QU Xiao,GUO Chuan-bo,XIONG Fang-yuan,XIN Wei,CHEN Yu-shun,SU Wei.Characterization of the Fish Community and Environmental Driving Factors during Development of Cascaded Dams in the Lower Jinsha River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2020,41(6):46-56.
Authors:QU Xiao  GUO Chuan-bo  XIONG Fang-yuan  XIN Wei  CHEN Yu-shun  SU Wei
Institution:Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute
Abstract:The fish community and associated environmental driving factors were investigated as cascaded hydropower stations were developed in the lower Jinsha River. The objectives were to assess the environmental effects of hydropower station development and provide data to support effective management of the ecological environment. Field investigations were conducted during the spring (May) and fall (October) of 2017. Water quality parameters were measured and fish were sampled using gillnets with different mesh sizes. Transects were set in reaches above and below each of the four cascaded dams on the lower Jinsha River: the Wudongde and Baihetan hydropower dams under construction, and the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower stations in operation. Multiple statistical analysis methods were used to detect fish biodiversity patterns and the relationships among fish community composition and environmental factors. The fish community in the Wudongde and Baihetan reaches, where the river flows freely (lotic system), were significantly different from those in the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba reaches, where impoundment has created reservoirs (lentic system). In the canyon lotic reaches, the collected specimens were primarily indigenous and endemic fish species that prefer flowing water and the dominant species were C. guichenoti, P. procheilus and L. fimbriata. In the lentic reservoirs most of the fish were species common in the middle and lower Yangtze River that prefer quiescent or slow flowing water and the dominant species were H. leucisculus, P. sinensis, and T. wwinhonis. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) between fish community composition and the environment factors indicated that water depth, total suspended solids (TSS), conductivity, pH and water temperature were the key environmental driving factors affecting the fish communities of the lower Jinsha River. These results will support development of management strategies for conserving fishery resources and biodiversity in the lower Jinsha River.
Keywords:The Jinsha River  cascading dams  fish communities  environmental factors  biodiversity  habitat
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