黄颡鱼头肾的组织发生与组织结构研究

为深入了解黄颡鱼的免疫机能,采用组织学方法,对孵化后1～48 d的黄颡鱼鱼苗头.肾的组织发生进行了观察;对5月龄幼鱼和成鱼头肾的组织结构进行了观察.结果表明,出膜后1 d,头肾仅由肾小管组成;出膜后2d,头肾小管间出现未分化的细胞团;出膜后7 d,头肾小管间出现淋巴细胞团;此后淋巴细胞及造血细胞的数量逐渐增多;出膜后26～43 d,肾小管逐渐萎缩直至完全消失,头肾完成由排泄器官向淋巴器官的转变.黄颡鱼头肾含丰富的静脉血管、血窦以及处于不同发育时期的各类免疫细胞.肾上腺组织细胞分布于头肾门静脉以及头肾组织中静脉管周边.其幼鱼头肾所含酸性颗粒细胞较成鱼头肾丰富,而成鱼头肾则具有较多的黑色素巨噬细胞,且常常在血管附近聚集形成黑色素巨噬细胞中心.

Ontogeny and Structure of Head Kidney of Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco

To understand the immunity of the yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, methods of histology were applied to study the ontogenic development of the head kidney in fry from the first to the 48th day post hatching, and to study the histological structure of the head kidney from 5 month and adult fish. The results of the study were as follows. Only renal tubules were observed on 1 day post hatching, undifferentiated cells and lymphocytes were observed between renal tubules on 2nd day post hatching and 7th day post hatching respectively, henceforth lymphocytes and haemopoietie cells increased gradually in number. Renal tubules atrophied gradually and disappeared at last from 26th day post hatching to 43rd day post hatching, and the head kidney transformed from excretory organ to lymphoid organ. The head kidney was rich in veins, sinuses and all types of immune cells. The adrenal cells were seen around the portal vein and small vein. The head kidney of young fish contained more eosinophilic granular cells than adult fish, while the head kidney of adult fish contained more melano-macrophages, which usually aggregated as melano-macrophage center near veins.