水温对淡水温水性鱼类生命活动的影响

水温是影响鱼类生命活动的重要生态学因子。综述水温对淡水温水性鱼类的影响，为鱼类资源的增殖和水体生物多样性保护提供参考。从繁殖、摄食生长、代谢速率、临界游泳能力、免疫功能5方面的鱼类生命活动进行综述，其中，水温对鱼类的繁殖和生长影响最大，当水温适宜时，多数淡水温水性鱼类的各项生理活动都能正常进行；但当水温超过临界温度时会导致机体内代谢紊乱、活动能力降低、甚至造成鱼类死亡，最终引起鱼类种群结构和数量分布的显著变化。鱼类的临界游泳能力和高强度运动之后的重复运动能力也会受到水温的影响；鱼类免疫应答受水温影响较大，水温严重不适会导致免疫防御机制紊乱。水温只是影响鱼类生存的生态因子之一，但在航道建设、河流生态修复、鱼类资源评估以及水生态系统保护过程中均占据不容忽视的地位。在河流开发以及水文调节过程中，要最大限度降低其对水温生态因子的影响。

Effect of Water Temperature on the Life Activities of Temperate Freshwater Fish

Water temperature is a fundamental ecological factor affecting all life activities of fish. In this paper, the effects of water temperature on reproduction, feeding, growth, metabolism, swimming capacity and immune response of temperate freshwater fishes are reviewed. Water temperature has the greatest impact on fish reproduction and growth. The physiological activities of temperate freshwater fish operate normally when the temperature is within a suitable temperature range. However, exceeding water temperature thresholds results in metabolic disorders that diminish capacity to perform life activities and can be fatal, with the potential to significantly alter fish populations. Water temperature is just one of the ecological factors affecting fish survival, but it plays a crucial role in waterway construction, ecological restoration, fish resource assessment and protection of aquatic ecosystems. Alteration of water temperature should be minimized during development of river resources or regulation of river hydrology.