黄河小浪底至入海口渔业资源现状与保护对策研究

为了解黄河小浪底以下河段渔业资源现状,2010年5-9月对此河段的鱼类及其饵料资源进行了调查.结果表明,浮游植物密度为3.49×104个/L,现存量为0.0234 mg/L,浮游动物密度为526个/L,现存量为0.1245 mg/L,现存量较小.底栖动物23种(属),水生植物6种,现存量极少,物种多样性较低,鱼类种群数量减少.渔获物中,1+龄鱼占81.76％,平均体重150.3 g,呈现明显的低龄化和小型化趋势.鱼类区系组成简单,以鲤科鱼类为主,与30年前相比,鱼类种群结构变化明显.渔业资源衰退的主要原因为水利工程建设运营和人为干扰,并据此提出了鱼类资源保护和可持续利用的对策.

The Current Fishery Resource Status of Xiaolangdi to Estuary Reach in Mainstream of Yellow River and Its Protection Measures

In order to understand the current status of fishery resources in the downstream sections of Xiaolangdi Reservoir along the mainstream of Yellow River,the fish and their feed resources were surveyed from May to September in 2010.The results indicated that the stock-biomass of plankton was 3.49 × 104 cells /L and 0.0234 mg /L;and the stock-biomass of zooplankton was 526 cells /L and 0.1245 mg /L.The stock-biomass of phytoplankto was low.There were 23 species of benthic animals and 6 species of aquatic plants in the river.The stockbiomass was extremely rare,with the diversity of species being very poor,and the number of populations was decreased in the river.The fish stocks were very low and the composition catches tended to be smaller and younger,with 81.76% of the fish being 1 + year old and the average weight being 150.3 g.The composition of fish fauna was simple,mainly composited of cyprinids.Compared with the study in 30 years ago,the population structure composition has been changed significantly.The water conservancy engineering construction and artificial interference would be the main factors leading to the decline of fishery resources.The protection countermeasures are proposed to protect the fish resources and sustainable usage of fishery resources.