羊卓雍错细菌培养及其水体理化影响因子研究

摘要：开展羊卓雍错水体可培养细菌多样性研究，探究水体理化因子对水体可培养细菌多样性的影响。采用平板涂布法从羊卓雍错10个样点中分离细菌，结合16S rDNA区域序列分析和经典分类法对细菌菌株进行鉴定，运用R 3.6.1和SPSS 20.0等软件分析细菌多样性及其与理化因子之间的关系。结果显示，从羊卓雍错水体中共分离得到322株细菌，分属于12个属15个种，优势种为Aeromonas salmonicida、Raoultella terrigena以及Escherichia coli，分别占总菌株数的24%，22%和12%。相关性分析显示，羊卓雍错各样点水体可培养细菌总丰度与水体化学需氧量呈极显著正相关，与水体浊度、总氮呈显著正相关；各区域水体可培养细菌属数与水体电导率、总溶解固体量以及盐分含量呈显著正相关。本研究表明，羊卓雍错水体细菌资源比较丰富，水体可培养细菌多样性受水体理化因子与人为活动共同影响。

Culturable Bacteria and Relationship of the Bacterial Community with Environmental Factors in Yamzhog Yumco Lake, Tibet

Abstract: To investigate culturable bacteria diversity in Yamzhog Yumco Lake and analyze the influence of environmental factors on culturable bacteria community. Bacteria were isolated by spread plate method and identification was based on sequence analysis of 16S domains of rDNA gene. R 3.6.1 and SPSS 20.0 were used to examine correlations between culturable bacteria diversity and environmental factors. The result showed that 322 bacteria isolates were identified as 15 species in 12 genera. Aeromonas salmonicida, Raoultella terrigena and Escherichia coli were the dominating species in Yamzhog Yumco Lake, and relative abundance of them were 24%, 22% and 16.8% respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that bacterial abundance were significantly positive to environmental factors including chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity (NTU) and total nitrogen (TN) among different sites. Bacteria genera number were significantly negative related to electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and salt content among different regions. The bacteria community from Yamzhog Yumco Lake showed high species richness, and aquatic environmental factors and anthropogenical influenced are important factors of bacteria community of Yamzhog Yumco Lake.