星海湖湿地土地利用变化及其生态需水研究

星海湖是干旱地区典型城市湖泊湿地，其生态环境及生态需水量极大程度上受土地利用变化及相关政策影响。以星海湖湿地为研究对象，利用GIS-遥感技术解译影像，提取不同时期土地利用类型面积，通过水量平衡原理、FAO56Penman－Monteith法开展1996-2018年星海湖湿地湖泊及周边植被生态需水研究，旨在为石嘴山市的生态环境保护、水资源合理利用及优化配置提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）星海湖土地利用格局以水域为主，建设用地、草地次之。水域面积整体呈现增长态势，从6.42km2（占比6.42%）增加至43.11km2（占比43.11%）；区域植被面积仅在1996-2005年期间迅速增加，增加至20.68km2(占比44.35%)，之后逐年减少，至18年植被总面积为9.21km2（占比19.64%）。（2）星海湖湿地生态需水总量整体呈增长态势，仅在2014年有所下降，在2018年生态需水总量达到最高：最小生态需水总量为13449.80×104m3，适宜生态需水总量为13674.34×104m3；1996年生态需水总量达到最低：最小生态需水总量为2177.11×104m3，适宜生态需水总量为2314.37×104m3。合理的土地利用配置及管理，对水资源合理规划管理及局部生态环境改善、维护区域生态安全具有重要意义。

Land Use Changes and Ecological Water Requirement of Xinghai Lake Wetland

Xinghai Lake is a typical urban lake wetland in arid areas, and its ecological environment and ecological water demand are greatly affected by land use changes and related policies. This paper takes Xinhai lake wetland as the research object. By using GIS remote sensing technology to interpret images and extract the area of land use types in different periods, this paper develops the research on ecological water demand of Xinghai Lake wetland lake and surrounding vegetation from 1996 to 2018 through the principle of water balance and FAO56 Penman-Monteith method. The research result can provide Shizuishan scientific basis for environmental protection, rational use of water resources and optimal allocation. The results show that: (1) The current land use pattern of Xinghai Lake is dominated by water area, followed by construction land and grassland, the overall water area shows a growth trend, from 6.42km2 (accounting for 6.42%) to 43.11km2 (accounting for 43.11%). Area vegetation area only increase rapidly during 1996-2005, increase to 20.68km2 (accounting for 44.35%), after reducing year by year, vegetation to 18 years with a total area of 9.21 km2 (19.64%) .(2) The Xinghai lake wetland ecological water requirement growth on the whole, only declined in 2014, and in 2018, reached the highest ecological water requirement: minimum ecological water requirement was 13449.80×104m3, suitable for ecological water requirement was 13674.34×104 m3; In 1996, the ecological water requirement reached the minimum: the minimum ecological water requirement was 2177.11×104m3, and the appropriate ecological water requirement was 2314.37×104m3. Reasonable land use allocation and management are of great significance to the rational planning and management of water resources, the improvement of the local ecological environment, and the maintenance of regional ecological security.