塔里木河流域水土流失动态变化分析

研究塔里木河流域土地利用变化、年径流量和输沙量变化特征及其相关关系，以期促进水土资源的合理开发和利用，为塔里木河流域的生态环境治理提供科学依据。水文数据为2005-2020年流域焉耆站、同古孜洛克站、卡群站、西大桥站、阿拉尔站年径流量、年输沙量，土地利用数据为1980-2015年土地利用空间分布数据。结果表明：（1）1980-2015年，土地利用面积比例变化为-1.07%~1.16%，耕地面积增幅为1.16%，沙地面积增幅0.30%，草地面积降幅1.07%；（2）流域内各主要河流多年平均径流量为22.99×108~67.46×108 m3，多年平均输沙量63.20×104~3070.00×104t；开都河多年平均含沙量为0.24 kg/m3，其余河流平均含沙量均大于4kg/m3；塔里木河流域年径流量和年输沙量均呈现下降变化趋势，且年输沙量的变异性（40.89%~73.11%）大于年径流量（15.54%~35.37%）；（3）各主要河流的年径流量、年输沙量与耕地和城乡居民用地的占比均呈负相关关系，与林地、草地、沙地等均呈现正相关关系。建议合理进行土地开发，禁止盲目开荒种田，充分运用智能化手段开展在线动态监测，及时掌握水土流失情况，恢复和重建塔里木河流域生态。

Soil Alteration and Water Loss in the Tarim River Basin

Soil erosion is a common concern and urgent problem all over the world. In order to clarify the current situation of soil and water loss in the Tarim River basin and put forward countermeasures, this paper attempted to analyze the interannual variation characteristics of land use from 1980 to 2015 and annual runoff and sediment transport from 2005 to 2020. In order to explore the characteristics and correlation of land use change, annual runoff and sediment transport in tarim River basin. Based on the spatial distribution data of land use and runoff and sediment transport data of four tributaries (Kaidu River, Aksu River, Yerqiang River and Yulongkashi River) in the same period, the causes and trends of soil erosion in tarim River basin were discussed from the perspective of human factors and natural climate conditions. The results showed that :(1) from 1980 to 2015, the change percentage of land use area in the basin was -1.07%-1.16%, and the increase rate of cultivated land area was the largest, which was 1.16%. The second is sandy land, with an increase of 0.30%. Grassland area decreased the most, reaching 1.07%. (2) The annual average runoff of the main rivers in the basin is 22.99-67.46 ×108m3, and the annual average sediment transport is 63.20-3070.00×104t; The average sediment concentration of kaidu River is 0.24 kg/m3, and the average sediment concentration of other rivers is more than 4 kg/m3, which belongs to the category of high sediment flow. Due to climate conditions and land use change, the annual runoff and sediment yield of Tarim River Basin showed a decreasing trend, and the variability of annual sediment yield (40.89%-73.11%) was greater than that of annual runoff yield (15.54%-35.37%). (3) The annual runoff and sediment transport of major rivers were negatively correlated with the proportion of cultivated land and urban and rural residential land, and positively correlated with woodland, grassland and sandy land. The research results can provide scientific basis for rational development and utilization of water and soil resources and ecological environment management in tarim River basin.