2013年春夏季天津近岸海域浮游植物的群落结构

于2013年春季(6月)和夏季(8月)对渤海湾天津近岸海域的浮游植物和环境因子进行了综合调查,共发现浮游植物4门、72种,其中6月39种,8月63种,主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,优势种以硅藻为主,仅有少量的蓝藻和裸藻;6月的优势种是硅藻门的窄隙角毛藻(Chaetoceros affinis)、星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus)及圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus spp.);8月的优势种是硅藻门的丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)、尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudonitzschia pungens)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)。6月浮游植物细胞密度为2.14×104~836.67×104个/L,平均值为129.31×104个/L;8月浮游植物细胞密度为6.83×104~16 042.50×104个/L,平均值为2 461.63×104个/L;在调查海域的各采样点中,细胞密度均以硅藻占比最大,分别占浮游植物细胞总密度的99%和95%以上,浮游植物细胞密度的分布趋势与硅藻细胞密度分布趋势基本一致。6月各采样点浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)为0.96~3.69,平均值为2.87;均匀度指数(J)为0.28~0.95,平均值为0.71;丰富度指数(d)为0.60~1.21,平均值为0.88。8月的H’为0.01~3.58,平均值为1.48;J为0.002~0.86,平均值为0.33;d为0.65~1.37,平均值为0.91。典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis;CCA)浮游植物分布与环境因子之间的关系,影响渤海湾浮游植物分布的关键因子是水温、盐度、溶解氧、亚硝酸盐、硅酸盐。

Phytoplankton Community Structure in the Tianjin Nearshore Waters during the Summer and Autumn of 2013

A detailed field survey of hydrological chemical and biological resources was conducted in the Tianjin nearshore waters in June and August of 2013.Totally 39 and 63 taxa were identified in June and August,respectively. The phytoplankton community was mainly composed of Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta,and there were also a few species belonging to Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta. Dominant species were Bacillariophyta.Cell abundance ranged from 2.14×104 to 836.67×104 cells/L with an average of 129.31×104 cells/L in the June,Cell abundance ranged from 6.83×104 to 16042.50×104 cells/L with an average of 2461.63×104 cells/L in the August.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.96 to 3.69 with an average of 2.87 in the June, The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.01 to 3.58 with an average of 1.48 in the August.CCA indicated that the key environmental factors that influenced phytoplankton assemblages were water temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen,nitrite nitrogen and silicates.