鲤、鲇及草鱼肌肉理化特性的比较研究

以杂食性的鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、肉食性的鲇(Silurus asotus)和草食性的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为研究对象,测定了2龄鱼的背部、胸部、腹部和尾部肌肉的pH值、滴水损失、熟肉率、失水率、胶原蛋白含量及剪切值等理化指标,对3种鱼不同部位的肌肉理化特性进行了比较,初步探讨了鱼肉理化特性与食性的关系.结果表明,鲤、鲇及草鱼肌肉的pH值为6.2 ～6.7,3种鱼肌肉间pH值无显著差异(P＞0.05)；鲤、鲇及草鱼各个部位肌肉之间以及3种鱼之间的肌肉滴水损失率均无显著差异(P＞0.05)；每种鱼各部位肌肉之间的熟肉率无显著差异(P＞0.05),熟肉率表现为:草鱼＞鲤＞鲇(P＜0.05)；同一种鱼不同部位肌肉的失水率无显著差异(P＞0.05),3种鱼之间的失水率表现为:鲇＞鲤＞草鱼(P＜0.05)；同一种鱼不同部位肌肉的胶原蛋白差异显著(P＜0.05),3种鱼之间差异也显著,鲇＞鲤＞草鱼(P＜0.05)；同一种鱼不同部位之间的剪切值差异显著(P＜0.05),3种鱼之间的剪切值表现为:鲇＞鲤＞草鱼(P＜0.05).综合比较可见,淡水经济鱼类的肌肉理化特性与其食性存在一定的相关性,肉食性鱼的嫩度偏低,剪切值大,胶原蛋白含量高,失水率和滴水损失较大,保水能力也相对较差,且同一种鱼各个部位间的肉质理化特性也存在一定差异.

Comparative study of muscle Physicochemical Characteristcs in Common Cyprinus carpio, Silurus and Ctenopharyngodon idellus

In this study , the two-year old fish of three kinds of different feeding habits fish of Cyprinus carpio, Silurus and ctenopharyngodon idellus were investigated, which are omnivorous, carnivorous and herbivorous. Compared the muscle physicochemical characteristcs by studyed the pH value, drip loss, cooking rate, water holding capacity , collagen content and shear force. Preliminary discussion on the relationship between the fish physicochemical characteristcs and feeding habits.The results showed: The pH values of the three species were between 6.2-6.7 and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). No significant difference of drip loss were observed between different species and different parts in each specie (P>0.05). The cooking rate were significantly different between the three kinds of fish:Ctenopharyngodon idellus > Cyprinus carpio > Silurus (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between different parts of muscles in each species (P >0.05). Similar results were also observed in the water holding capacity, but the difference between species were in different orders with the Silurus > Cyprinus carpio >Ctenopharyngodon idellus; The collagen content and the shear values were showed significant difference either in different parts in each species or between different species, with the result of Silurus > Cyprinus carpio >Ctenopharyngodon idellus (P<0.05). In summary, there is a certain correlation between the muscle physicochemical characteristcs of the economic freshwater fish and their feeding habits . Carnivorous fish showed lower tenderness, higher shear value, higher collagen content, larger water holding capacity and drip loss, their water retention was relatively poor. the muscle physicochemical characteristcs were different in different part of one fish.