吉林省湿地生态系统水质净化功能分析及其价值评价

湿地作为全球三大生态系统之一,具有重要的生态系统服务功能,其中水质净化功能可有效改善区域生态环境质量。通过集成目前已有的湿地净化价值计算方法,提出了替代法计算吉林省湿地水质净化价值。结果表明,吉林省湿地的水质净化总价值为44.2188亿元,各市县水质净化总价值排序为:延边市(15.0982亿元,34.14%)松原市(11.6017亿元,26.24%)白城市(9.0938亿元,20.56%)长春市(4.2491亿元,9.61%)吉林市(1.0255亿元,2.32%)通化市(0.9898亿元,2.24%)白山市(0.8951亿元,2.02%)辽源市(0.7685亿元,1.74%)四平市(0.4973亿元,1.12%);各种类型湿地水质净化总价值排序为:沼泽湿地(25.0671亿元,56.69%)湖泊湿地(10.2821亿元,23.25%)河流湿地(7.7033亿元,17.42%)人工湿地(1.1662亿元,2.64%);单位面积水质净化价值以松原市最大,四平市最小;人均占有水质净化价值以延边市最高,四平市最低;不同湿地类型的单位面积水质净化价值差异较大,最高的能够达到3.1741万元/km2(延边市沼泽湿地类型),最低的不足0.0001万元/km2(辽源市沼泽湿地类型);不同湿地类型的人均水质净化价值最高的能够达到0.0447万元/人(白城市湖泊湿地),最低的不足0.0001万元/人(辽源市和松原市沼泽湿地类型)。研究成果能够为吉林省的湿地保护与恢复以及合理利用提供科学依据,也能为吉林省社会经济与生态环境的协调发展提供技术参考。

Analysis and Valuation of Water Quality Purification by Jilin Province Wetlands

At the interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, wetlands have shown their importance in providing various ecosystem services, especially water quality purification, and have become the subject of intensive research worldwide. Jilin Province has very rich wetland resources with a total wetland area of 1.728?106 hm2, consisting of river wetlands (15%), lake wetlands (6%), marsh wetlands (30%) and constructed wetlands (49%), according to the second nationwide wetland resource inventory of 2009 and they provide important ecosystem services in Jilin Province. In this study, we proposed an alternative method for calculating the monetary value of the water quality purification function of wetlands in Jilin Province, based on the existing method of determining the cost for industrial removal of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The data for this research were obtained from the Water Resource Bulletin (2013) and Environmental Conditions Bulletin (2013) of Jilin Province, weekly data from the national key section water quality of main river basin and the field survey of water quality and depth. The price of water was taken from the statistics yearbook of Jilin Province. The monetary value of the water quality purification function for each wetland type was calculated by multiplying the water purification value per unit volume by the total water volume of the wetland. Results show that the total annual value of the water purification function of the wetlands in Jilin Province was 44.2188?108 yuan. The order of monetary values for the cities in Jilin Province is as follows: Yanbian City (15.0982?108yuan, 34.14%), Songyuan City (11.6017?108yuan, 26.24%), Baicheng City (9.0938?108yuan, 20.56%), Changchun City (4.2491? 108 yuan, 9.61%), Jilin City (1.0255?108yuan, 2.32%, Tonghua City, 0.9898?108yuan, 2.24%), Baishan City (0.8951?108 yuan, 2.02%), Liaoyuan City (0.7685?108yuan, 1.74%) and Siping City (0.4973?108 yuan, 1.12%). The value of water purification for the different wetland types are as follows: marsh wetlands (25.0671? 108 yuan, 56.69%)>lake wetlands (10.2821? 108 yuan, 23.25%) >river wetlands (7.7033? 108 yuan, 17.42%) >constructed wetlands (1.1662? 108 yuan, 2.64%).The highest value of the water purification function per unit area was recorded in Songyuan City while the lowest was in Siping City. The highest per capita value of water purification function of wetland ecosystem service was in Yanbian City while the lowest was in Siping City. Moreover, the value of the purification function per unit area varied significantly among cities and wetland types, with the highest value of 31,741 yuan/ km2 in the marsh wetland of Yanbian City and the lowest value of less than 1 yuan/km2 in the marsh wetland of Liaoyuan City. The per capita value of water purification function varied significantly among cities and wetland type, with the highest per capita value (447 yuan/person) of lake wetlands in Baicheng City and the lowest value of less than 1 yuan/person of marsh wetland in Liaoyuan and Songyuan City. In conclusion, the method of analysis, location of wetlands and pollutant source and the type of contaminant removed all influence the results. The rank of the water purification value of Jilin wetlands and the spatial distribution primarily depend on the area scale of wetlands. Study results support the protection, restoration and reasonable exploitation of Jilin Province wetlands. It also provides technical information to support the coordination of social, economic and ecological goals in Jilin province.