绿洲农业对博湖小湖生态需水的影响研究

水资源是制约绿洲农业发展的关键因素，同时绿洲的农业活动也直接或间接地影响着区域水资源的循环过程，造成水资源时空分布的差异。博斯腾湖小湖区位于博斯腾湖西部，其水资源主要来源于开都河及灌区地下水的补给，研究小湖区的生态需水是协调区域生态环境与人类生产生活效益的重要环节。因此，本文基于MIKE-SHE水文模型及水量平衡公式，以2017年为研究背景，量化了不同种植结构情景下的地下水及地表水对于小湖补给量的变化情况，核算了区域年补给总量，进而讨论了绿洲农业区最适宜小湖生态需水要求的农业种植结构。结果显示：模型在验证期模拟值与观测值的平均相关系数及纳什系数分别为0.89及0.79，表明模型具有较高的可信度；水稻及油菜分别为地下水及地表水对小湖补给量最大的农业种植结构，补给量约为10.628×10^6m3及538.023×10^6m3,其中地下水对于小湖的补给量与灌溉期、灌溉定额、作物种类有着强烈的相关关系,地表水对于小湖的年补给量远远大于地下水,且与总补给量高度相关,成为小湖总补给量的决定性因素；油菜及小麦的年补给量分别为544.939×10^6m3及541.158×10^6m3,进而讨论在生态需水要求下不同种植结构所需最小的配水量，为区域水资源决策管理及协调配置提供理论支持。

Impact of Oasis Agriculture on the Ecological Water Requirement of the Small Lakes near Bosten Lake

Water resources are the key factors restricting the development of oasis agriculture. At the same time, the agricultural activities of oasis also directly or indirectly affect the circulation process of regional water resources, resulting in differences in the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources. The small lake area of Bosten Lake is located in the west of Bosten Lake. Its water resources mainly come from the recharge of Kaidu River and groundwater in the irrigation area. Studying the ecological water demand of the small lake area is an important link to coordinate the regional ecological environment and the benefits of human production and life. Therefore, based on the Mike-She hydrological model and water balance formula, this article uses 2017 as the research background to quantify the changes in groundwater and surface water supply to the small lake under different planting structure scenarios, and calculate the total regional recharge Quantity. Then discuss the minimum water distribution required by different planting structures under the requirements of ecological water demand, and provide theoretical support for regional water resources decision-making management and coordinated allocation.