面向鸟类栖息地保护的洪泽湖湿地植被种植方案研究

水生植物种植是实现水鸟栖息地恢复的重要手段。目前面向湖泊的水生植物种植设计主要是针对水质治理,对水鸟栖息地的保护研究较少,且很少考虑植物种植对水位过程的适应性。本文将湖泊水位过程及植物生长特性相结合,提出一种满足鸟类栖息地恢复的水生植物种植设计新方案。以洪泽湖国家湿地自然保护区为例,根据当地鸟类栖息地的实际需求,将芦苇（Phragmites australis）等7种水生植物确定为种植对象。依据洪泽湖湖底高程,结合不同植物的生长水位要求以及植物发挥鸟类觅食及遮蔽两大功能的需求,探究了历史极端水位过程、历史平均水位过程及优化水位过程下的可种植水生植物种类及其可种植区域,并给出种植方案。结果表明：历史极端水位过程下,仅能种植芦苇1种水生植物,对鸟类栖息地恢复作用有限；历史平均水位过程下,可种植植物增加到4种,有利于扩展鸟类栖息地面积；优化水位过程下,能种植全部7种水生植物,并有效恢复鸟类栖息地面积。本研究面向洪泽湖湿地保护区鸟类栖息地保护,依据鸟类及植物对水位过程的需求提出植物种植方案,提高了方案的针对性,准确性,可为洪泽湖湿地植被恢复及鸟类栖息地保护提供借鉴。

Optimized Scheme for Planting Aquatic Plants to Protect Waterfowl Habitat in Hongze Lake Wetland

Aquatic plant planting is an important means to restore the habitat of waterfowl. At present, the aquatic plant planting design for lakes is mainly aimed at water quality control. Little research focus on the protection of waterfowl habitat and the adaptability of plant planting to water level process is rarely considered. In this paper, the process of lake water level and plant growth characteristics were combined to propose a new design scheme of aquatic plants for waterbird habitat restoration. Taking Hongze Lake National Wetland Nature Reserve as an example, according to the actual needs of local waterbird habitat, seven aquatic plants such as reed (Phragmites australis) were selected as planting objects. Baesd on the lake bottom elevation of Hongze Lake, combined with the requirements of growth water level of different plants and the needs of plants to play the two major functions of waterbird foraging and sheltering, the historical extreme water level process, historical average water level process and the process of optimizing water level were explored, and the planting scheme was given. The results showed that under the historical extreme water level process, only one aquatic plant, Phragmites australis, could be planted, which had limited effect on the restoration of waterbird habitat; Under the historical average water level process, the number of plants that can be planted were increased to four, which is conducive to the waterbird habitat area restoration; Under the optimizing the water level process, all seven kinds of aquatic plants can be planted to effectively restore the waterbird habitat area. Based on the needs of waterbirds and plants for water level process, the plant planting scheme was proposed to improve the pertinence and accuracy of the scheme in this study, which can provide reference for vegetation restoration and waterbird habitat protection in Hongze Lake wetland.