云南境内南盘江水系鱼类种质资源现状及保护对策

为了解南盘江鱼类资源现状,保护和恢复南盘江鱼类多样性,2008年6月至2010年3月,对云南省境内南盘江鱼类现状进行实地考察,结合中国科学院昆明动物研究所馆藏标本和历年相关记录,分析南盘江鱼类种质资源现状。结果表明,云南境内南盘江及其附属湖泊共有鱼类8目、20科、71属、160种;其中,土著种137种,特有种93种,外来种23种。鲤科鱼类最多,有94种,占鱼类总数的58.8%,其次为条鳅科32种,占总数的20.0%,爬鳅科7种,占总数的4.4%。南盘江鱼类种类众多,但由于人为影响,河流污染比较严重,目前已有24种鱼类被列为濒危种类。分析南盘江近两年的鱼类种质资源现状,发现土著种类的数量大幅下降,这与南盘江河流环境恶化和水电开发力度增大密切相关。

Current Status and Conservation Strategies of Fish Germplasm Resources of Nanpanjiang River System in Yunnan

Fish surveys of Nanpanjiang River System of Yunnan were conducted from June 2008 to March 2010. Based on field surveys and history records, there are a total of 160 species belonging to 8 orders, 20 families and 71genera in Nanpanjiang River System of Yunnan, China. Within the 160 species, 137 were indigenous, 93 were endemic, 23were introduced. The species of Cypriniade is dominant, including 94species, accounting for 58.8% of all species, the second is Nemacheilidae, including 32 species, accounting for 20.0%, and the third is Balitoridae, including 7 species, accounting for 4.4%. Fish diversity of Nanpanjiang River System is very high, but now, because of the seriously pollution, 24 indigenous species are defined to be endangered or even extinct. This paper analyzed the current states of fish resources of Nanpanjiang, results showed that the number of indigenous fish species is decreasing rapidly, and this should be attribute to the pollution and the building of dams on the river. This paper also raised some suggestions to improve the environment and keep or even recover fish diversity of the river.