基于PSR模型的山东长岛海域海洋生物多样性研究

为了准确评价海洋生物多样性状况,研究较长时间内社会经济发展对生物多样性的影响,收集和监测2003-2013年山东省长岛县社会经济、生态环境和环境保护等数据,以压力-状态-响应(PSR)框架模型为研究方法,结合长岛县社会经济和生态环境特征,筛选出14项指标组成长岛县海洋生物多样性评价指标体系,综合分析相关国家及行业标准、统计年鉴和长岛县各相关指标历史监测数据,确定各评价指标的基准值,运用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,根据建立的海洋生物多样性进行体系评价。结果表明,长岛县海洋生物多样性状况较好,海洋生物多样性指数(MBDI)最大值为2006年(0.766),最小值在2012年(0.600),评价等级均为良;生物多样性所受压力较小,生物物种较丰富,局部地区生物种类高度丰富,生态系统功能较为完善,受到干扰后一般可以恢复,生境质量一般适宜生物生存。分析其压力、状态和响应指标的变化,水质和保护生物组成的状态指标非常稳定;压力指标有一定程度的上下起伏,2008-2011年呈较明显的下降趋势;响应指标值2003-2013年基本稳定并略呈上升的趋势。从总体上看,长岛县海洋生物多样性状态优良且基本稳定。

Marine Biodiversity Evaluation in the Changdao Sea, Shandong Province

Biodiversity lay the basis for survival and development of human society, affect various aspects of our life, and are being destroyed by the rapid expansion of modern society and economy. Changdao County is the only island county in the Shandong province, where many migratory fish species passing through and make it one of the most passing fishing ground in northern China. Changdao establishes marine fishery and aquaculture as the primary industries. Changhai County is rich in various biological resources. The present study assessed the status of biodiversity and environment protection in typical coastal zones of northern China and investigated the impacts of socio-economic development to the local biodiversity in a relatively long period using the PSR framework, based on the data of social economic development in Changdao during 2003-2013, and the related studies in ecological environment. According to the exclusive characteristics of socio-economic and ecological environment states in Changdao, a total of 15 indicators were selected in the marine biodiversity assessment framework, baseline values were set based on the national/industrial standards, statistical yearbook series, and marine environment monitoring dataset, and weight values were calculated with the Analytical Hierarchy Process approach. The results of marine biodiversity assessment in Changdao showed that the status of marine biodiversity is good summarily, the Marine Biodiversity Index values remained above 0.6 and graded into the Good level during the whole studied period, suggesting a relatively stable state of marine biodiversity with few fluctuations. The marine biodiversity in Changdao county is somehow disturbed, with relatively high species richness and many domestic and exclusive species in different ecosystem types. The changes of Pressure, State, and Response indices revealed that the trends of Pressure indicator showed somehow fluctuations, thus suggesting growing pressures on local ecological environment and marine biodiversity, and raising potential impacts to biodiversity in Changdao.