吉林省湿地淡水资源供给功能及其价值核算

湿地淡水资源供给是一项重要的生态系统服务功能,主要包括城镇居民生活用水、工业(矿业)用水和农业用水三大部分。以2013年吉林省湿地淡水供给资源作为研究对象,采用市场价值法,进行省域尺度上与人类生活、工业生产等关系密切的淡水供给服务识别与核算,研究吉林省不同湿地类型和不同行政区的淡水资源供给量和淡水资源供给价值,分析其淡水资源供给的空间分布及其贡献率。结果表明,2013年吉林省湿地淡水资源供给总量为20.81×10~8m~3,其中湖泊湿地、河流湿地、人工湿地和沼泽湿地供给淡水量为8.06×10~8m~3、6.04×10~8m~3、4.00×10~8m~3和2.71×10~8m~3;核算吉林省湿地淡水资源供给总价值为83.84亿元/年,其中湖泊湿地占38.73%,河流湿地占29.01%,人工湿地占19.25%,而沼泽湿地所占比例最小,仅13.01%。在各组成城市中,湿地淡水资源供给价值以松原市最大,核算价值为26.28亿元/年,占总价值的31.34%;白山市最小,为2.6亿元/年,占总价值的3.11%。利用价值量化的方法表征淡水供给为吉林省发展提供的经济价值,对区域水资源优化配置、促使社会经济和生态环境协调发展以及湿地保护具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Distribution and Supply Value of Freshwater Wetland Resources in Jilin Province

The supply of fresh water is one of important ecosystem services of wetlands, which includes the urban domestic water, the industrial (mining) water and the agricultural water. Based on the water supply of wetlands in Jilin province in 2013, this paper used the market valuation method to identify and calculate the water supply from the provincial scale, which closely related to human life and industrial production. By calculating the amount and the value of different types of wetlands in different cities in Jilin province, we analyzed spatial distribution and the contribution of water resources supply in Jilin province. The result indicated that the total amount of the water supply in Jilin province is 27.71×108m3 in 2013 , which included 8.06×108m3 contributed by lakes, 6.04×108m3 contributed by rivers, 4.00×108m3 contributed by constructed wetlands, and 2.71×108m3contributed by marshes. The total value of water supply was 8.384 billion yuan RMB in Jilin province in 2013, among which the value of lake accounted for 38.73%, that of river wetlands accounted for 29.01%, that of constructed wetlands accounted for 19.25%, and that of marsh wetlands accounted for the minimum 13.01%. Than we compared the water supply of administrative regions in Jilin province, we found the value of water supply of Songyuan city was 2.628 billion RMB, accounting for largest 31.34% of the total value in the province; while the value of water supply of the Baishan city was 260 million RMB and accounted for the least 3.11% in total value. In this study, we used the method of quantitative characterization of the water supply value, which can promote the optimal allocation of water resources, leading to the coordination of social economy and ecological environment, as well as wetland protection in the future in Jilin province.