新疆伊犁河浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

伊犁河是新疆最大的一条河流，本文于2019年6月、9月、12月对伊犁河流域的浮游植物进行了系统调查，分析了伊犁河干流、3条一级支流、3条二级支流及2个附属水库共23个样点的藻类群落结构特征及其与水质因子的关系。共采集到浮游植物7门88属141种，其中硅藻门种类数最多，共70种（49.65%），其次是绿藻门40种（28.37%），再次是蓝藻门17种（12.06%），裸藻门、金藻门、甲藻门、隐藻门种类较少，分别为2种（1.42%），4种（2.84%）、3种（2.13%）和5种（3.55%），种类数表现为干流>1级支流>2级支流，水库绿藻门种类明显多于河流，隐藻门种类只在水库样本中出现。优势种主要为硅藻门的脆杆藻（Fragilaria sp.）、小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）、针杆藻（Synedra sp.）、舟形藻（Navicula sp.）、桥弯藻（Cymbella sp.）、异极藻（Gomphonema sp.），其中脆杆藻（Fragilaria sp.）为全流域全年的优势种。伊犁河浮游植物细胞密度数量均值为30.77×104 cells/L，生物量均值为0.67 mg/L；恰甫其海水库浮游植物细胞密度数量和生物量均值分别为42.99×104 cells/L和0.41mg/L；温泉电站水库浮游植物细胞密度数量和生物量均值分别为258.69×104 cells/L和1.02 mg/L；季节差异均表现为9月>6月>12月。Margalef物种丰富度（d）、Simpson指数（D）、Shannon-Wiener指数（H''）和Pielou均匀度指数(J)分别为2.86、0.85、2.48和0.75，恰甫其海水库多样性指数值分别为2.41、0.56、1.55和0.56，温泉电站水库的多样性指数分别为1.28、0.66、1.82和0.73。河流样本受海拔、溶氧和总磷的影响较大，水库样本受水深、透明度和温度的影响较大。根据多样性指数和藻类丰度，对伊犁河水质评价总体为轻度污染。

Phytoplankton Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Yili River of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The phytoplankton community structure was important for assessing the regional ecological environment. There had been no reports on the phytoplankton in the Yili River which was the largest river in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (northwest China) and also was an international river that spans China and Kazakhstan. The Yili River in China was consisted of the Tekes river, Gongnais river and Kashi river and other small tributaries. To investigate the community structure of phytoplankton in the Yili River, twenty-three sampling sites were selected representing main streams (Yili river), the primary tributaries, the secondary tributaries and reservoirs in June, September and December of 2019. The investigation focused on species composition, dominant species, spatial and temporal distribution and the biodiversity index. Physicochemical parameters were monitored included water temperature, transparency, depth, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Water quality in Yili River was also evaluated based on the biodiversity index and biomass of phytoplankton.