金沙江乌东德水电站生态调度目标鱼类筛选研究

生态调度是缓解水电工程对鱼类不利影响的有效措施之一，确定生态调度目标鱼类是制定生态调度方案的基础和前提。在野外调查和查阅相关文献资料的基础上，运用物种濒危系数、遗传价值系数和物种价值系数对金沙江乌东德坝址至白鹤滩坝址之间分布的53种土著鱼类进行生态调度需求次序的定量研究，结果表明，处于生态调度需求1级的鱼类有4种，为圆口铜鱼、长鳍吻鮈、中华金沙鳅和齐口裂腹鱼，这些鱼类均属长江上游特有鱼类，也是受水电开发影响较为显著的种类；处于生态调度需求2级的鱼类有14种，包括长江上游特有鱼类11种，这些鱼类产卵繁殖对流水生境均有一定需求；处于生态调度需求3级的鱼类有28种，这些鱼类以广适型种类为主，对水流条件的要求不高；处于生态调度需求4级的鱼类有7种，多为常见的小型鱼类，其产卵繁殖对生境要求不高。评价结果基本反映了乌东德坝下江段鱼类对生态调度的实际需求，考虑到产漂流性卵鱼类和产粘沉性卵鱼类繁殖需求的差异，综合确定圆口铜鱼和齐口裂腹鱼为乌东德水电站生态调度的主要目标鱼类，长鳍吻鮈、中华金沙鳅等作为兼顾目标鱼类。

Target Fish Screening for the Ecological Operation of Wudongde Hydropower Station on Jinsha River

Ecological regulation is an effective measure to mitigate the adverse impact of hydropower projects on fish. Determining the target fish of ecological regulation is the basis and premise of formulating ecological regulation scheme. On the basis of field investigation and consulting relevant literature, the conservation priority of 53 indigenous fish distributed between Wudongde dam and Baihetan dam of Jinsha River is quantitatively studied by using endangered coefficient, genetic value coefficient and species value coefficient. The results show that there are 4 species at the first level of ecological regulation demand, including Coreius guichenoti, Rhinogobio ventralis, jinshaia sinensis and Schizothorax prenanti , their resources and occurrence rate are high in the study river section, and significantly affected by the changes of runoff process caused by hydropower development; there are 14 species of fish in the second level of ecological regulation demand, including 11 species unique to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The spawning and reproduction of these fish have a certain demand for flowing habitat; There are 28 species of fish in the third level of ecological regulation demand, these fish are mainly suitable for water flow conditions and are widely distributed in the Yangtze River Basin; there are 7 species of fish at the level 4 of ecological regulation demand, most of them are common small fish, and their spawning and reproduction do not require high habitat . The evaluation results basically reflect the actual situation of fish in the lower reaches of Wudongde dam. Combined with the differences in reproductive needs of drifting egg fish and viscous egg fish, it is comprehensively determined that Coreius guichenoti and Schizothorax prenanti are the main target fish for ecological dispatching.