黄河河南段非漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状调查

为了掌握黄河河南段鱼类产卵场的分布现状,2013-2015年的每年3-7月,采用卫星GPS定位,实地走访渔民,采集鱼卵和仔稚鱼,捕获并解剖分析繁殖亲鱼,同步进行理化因子测定和环境指标监测。结果表明,黄河河南段鱼类规模产卵场共有30处,主要分布在河边浅滩、河流消落区和河心岛等水生生物资源丰富、适合非漂流性卵鱼类产卵孵化的水域。监测调查270d,采集主要鱼类标本1 156尾,各产卵场的鱼类优势种组成差异明显。产卵经济鱼类有鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲶(Silurus asotus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)共计7种。黄河南段主要经济鱼类产卵场的分布位置及范围规模存在明显的地域差异。为保护黄河南段经济鱼类及其产卵场,提出了具体的保护措施。

Spawning Ground Status of Fish that Release Benthic Eggs in the Henan Section of Yellow River

In recent years, pollution, hydropower projects and over-fishing have stressed the Yellow River fish community. In this study, we carried out a series of on-the-spot investigations of the distribution of fish and spawning ground habitat at different site in the Henan Section of the Yellow River. The objectives were to better understand the current condition of fish spawning grounds in the Yellow River and provide scientific evidence for fish resource conservation and sustainable development of the Yellow River. The investigation was carried out at six consecutive sections from March to July of each year from 2013 to 2015 and by GPS satellite positioning, field surveys of fishermen, egg and larva collection and anatomical analysis of wild parent fish. Water quality parameters were also measured, including water temperature, depth, transparency, pH, DO and NH3-N. There were 30 fish spawning grounds observed in the Henan Section of the Yellow River, primarily distributed in river shoals, the river drawdown area and river islets, where aquatic organisms were rich and it was suitable for fish with adhesive eggs to lay eggs. The investigation lasted 270 days and a total of 1,156 fish specimens were collected. The dominant species at each spawning site were significantly different, where dominant species was defined as the index of relative importance above 100. Seven important economic fish species were observed in the spawning grounds: carp (Cyprinuscarpio), crucian carp (Carassius auratus), catfish (Silurus asotus), bream (Parabramis pekinensis), loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and Squaliobarbus curriculus. There were obvious regional differences in the spawning ground distribution of different fish species. Based on the results, we were able to establish a dynamic database for fish spawning grounds in the Henan section of Yellow River and recommend specific protection measures, based spawning ground status.