环境变化对湿地植物根系的影响研究?

湿地生态系统具有独特的水文特征和潜育化土壤环境,湿地植物在生长过程中往往表现出独特的环境适应机制。根系作为植物重要的功能器官,是湿地植物群落与周围环境实现物质循环与能量流动的关键纽带,在发挥植物的生态功能及维持生态平衡中具有重要作用。因此,近年来植物根系生理生态研究越来越受到关注。从湿地植物根系在植物生长及湿地生态系统中的作用出发,综合论述环境因子对湿地植物根系的影响及作用机制,着重评述近年来水分条件、土壤盐分、土壤养分、有毒有害物质以及其他因子对湿地植物根系生理生态特征的影响等方面的研究进展和亟待解决的问题,指出湿地植物根系研究将是湿地生态学的重要研究方向。

Response of Wetland Plant Roots to Environmental Factors: A Review

Because of the unique hydrological characteristics and gleysol soils of wetland ecosystems, wetland plants display particular environmental adaptions. Plant roots play a crucial role in material and energy transport between the plant and its environment, and in maintaining ecological function and balance. Research on the physioecology of plant roots has grown in recent years and this article is a comprehensive review of environmental factors that affect wetland plant roots. The focus is on the progress and problems identified with regard to root response to environmental factors affecting the physiological and ecological characteristics of wetland plant roots, including the effects of: (1) soil moisture, primarily the changes induced in morphology, biomass distribution, root activity, and distribution of K+; (2) soil salinity, primarily induced changes in the spatial distribution of roots, biomass allocation ratio and ion balance; (3) soil nutrient conditions, as manifested in the growth and development of roots, the root-shoot ratio and plasticity of root morphology; (4) toxic and hazardous substances as they affect absorption, morphology, quantity and type of root secretions, and the utilization and degradation of pollutants by roots (5) CO2 concentration and temperature on root dynamics, morphology and distribution characteristics. Based on the review, we think that future research should focus on: (1) the mechanism of wetland plant roots responding to multiple environmental factors interacting within the rhizosphere; (2) the carbon distribution pattern of wetland plant roots under different environmental conditions, along with regulation mechanisms; (3) updating the research methods used to study wetland plant roots. By summarizing research findings and identifying problems, this review provides guidance for future wetland plant research, supports wetland conservation/restoration and helps maintain wetland ecological functions of high social value.