喀斯特地区阿哈水库水环境中毒性物质潜在健康风险评价

评价阿哈水库中化学致癌物与非致癌物通过饮水途径对成年人和儿童身体健康造成的潜在风险,为污染物治理和水环境风险管理提供科学参考。设置12个采样点,测定砷As、镉Cd、六价铬Cr^6+和汞Hg、铅pb、铜Cu、铁Fe、锰Mn、挥发酚、氰化物、氟化物、氨氮NH3-N,采用美国环境保护署(USEPA)推荐的环境健康风险评价方法进行健康风险评价。结果表明:(1)该水库中毒性物质对成年男性、成年女性、儿童产生的健康总风险度在10-3数量级,达到评价标准中最高危险级别,其中儿童受到的健康风险最高,其次是成年男性,再次是成年女性;(2)化学致癌物的健康总风险及单项风险远高于非致癌物,风险度高出5~6个数量级;(3)化学致癌物中的Cr^6+健康风险度最高,风险比重高达99.8%,是主要健康风险贡献源;(4)4个采样断面对3类饮水人群造成的健康危害风险顺序一致,均是入库口2>入库口1>水厂取水口>库中心。Cr^6+是首要管控因子;入库口2的健康风险最高,其次是入库口1。

Water Environment Health Risk Assessment of Aha Reservoir

Aha reservoir, a typical reservoir in the karst area of southwestern China, is an important drinking water source. Good water quality supports the healthy development of local residents and is important to the local economy. In this study, we evaluated the potential health risks of chemical carcinogens and non-carcinogens in Aha reservoir (adult males, adult females and children) from drinking the water, aiming to provide a scientific reference for pollution control and water environment risk management. The levels of chemical carcinogens and non-carcinogens were determined at 12 sampling sites along 4 monitoring transects: (A) reservoir inlet 1; (B) water plant intake; (C) reservoir center; (D) reservoir inlet 2. Chemical pollutants measured included arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), volatile phenol, cyanide, fluoride and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). Health risks were evaluated using the environmental health risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Results show: (1) The total health risk of toxic substances in the reservoir to adult males, adult females and children was 10-3, the highest risk level listed in the evaluation standard. Children had the highest health risk, followed by adult males and then adult females. (2) Both total and individual health risk posed by chemical carcinogens was five to six orders of magnitude higher than those of non-carcinogens. (3) The health risk of Cr(VI) was highest (99.8% proportion) and it was the primary contributor to health risk in the reservoir. (4) The degree of risk posed by health hazards at the four sampling sections was consistent for the three populations, following the order; reservoir inlet 2 > reservoir inlet 1 > water plant intake > reservoir center.