温度、氨氮和亚硝氮对西伯利亚鲟胚胎孵化的联合影响效应

鲟鱼作为具有重要生态和经济价值的水生生物，在气候变暖和人类活动的影响下其自然繁育面临巨大威胁。为了探究环境因子对鲟鱼早期胚胎发育的影响，本研究采用3因子3水平的Box-Behnken设计和响应曲面分析法，开展了温度（14-22 ℃）、氨氮（0.05-0.15 mg/L）和亚硝氮（0.05-0.25 mg/L）对西伯利亚鲟鱼(Acipenser baerii)早期胚胎发育的联合影响效应研究，旨在建立温度、氨氮和亚硝氮对西伯利亚鲟鱼胚胎孵化率的定量关系，并通过多元回归得出温度，氨氮和亚硝氮的最佳组合。结果表明，随着温度的升高，西伯利亚鲟鱼胚胎的孵化率呈现先升高后降低的趋势，随着氨氮和亚硝氮浓度的降低，西伯利亚鲟鱼胚胎孵化率逐渐升高。水温与氨氮的联合效应对鲟鱼胚胎孵化率的影响呈显著水平（p < 0.05），而水温与亚硝氮的联合效应以及氨氮与亚硝氮的联合效应对鲟鱼胚胎孵化率的影响不显著（p > 0.05）。建立的西伯利亚鲟鱼胚胎孵化率模型方程的相关系数为0.9832，校正相关系数为0.9616。通过模型优化得出西伯利亚鲟鱼的胚胎在温度18 ℃，氨氮浓度低于0.08 mg/L和亚硝氮浓度低于0.13 mg/L条件下西伯利亚鲟鱼胚胎的孵化率最高，达到90%以上。

Combined Effects of Temperature, Ammonia Nitrogen and Nitrite Nitrogen on Hatchability of Acipenser baerii Embryos

As a aquatic organism with important ecological and economic value, the natural breeding of sturgeons are facing huge threat under the influence of climate warming and human activities. To explore the effects of temperature changes and environmental deterioration on early embryonic development of sturgeons, this study used three levels and three factors Box-behnkenken Design and Response Surface Methodology to analyze the combined effects of temperatures (14-22 °C), ammonia (0.05-0.15 mg/L) and nitrite (0.05-0.25 mg/L) on the hatching rate of Acipenser baerii embryos, with the aim of establishing a quantitative relationship model of temperature, ammonia and nitrite on hatching of embryos, and obtaining the optimal combination of these three factors. The results showed that the hatching rate of A. baerii embryos decreased with the temperature increasing, and with the decreasing of ammonia and nitrogen, the hatching rate trended to decreasing. The combined effect of temperature and ammonia on the hatching rate of A. baerii embryos was significant level (p < 0.05), while the combined effect of temperature and nitrogen, the combined of ammonia and nitrogen were not significantly (p > 0.05). The correlation coefficient of the hatching rate of A. baerii embryos toward temperature, ammonia and nitrite was 0.9832, and the adjusted correlation coefficient was 0.9616. At a combination of temperatures 18 °C, ammonia below 0.08 mg/L and the nitrite below 0.13 mg/L, the hatching rate of A. baerii embryos is the highest (> 90 %).