基于分布式水文模型的藤条江河流土壤侵蚀研究

藤条江是南亚重要国际河流元江-红河的主要支流,流域地处高原山地,土壤侵蚀严重.利用分布式水文模型SWAT对藤条江流域的水文过程进行了模拟,采用2年的逐日观测数据对模型进行了率定和验证.径流模拟结果和实测数据相比,模型确定性系数和效率系数(纳什-克里夫系数)均高于0.75,表明SWAT模型对藤条江径流的模拟结果良好.使用率定好的模型,计算出流域年均土壤侵蚀量为94.39×104 t,约47％的流域面积处于中度侵蚀状态,流域的水土流失关键区位于红河断裂带南缘,需优先实施水土保持措施的行政区域对应云南省金平县.

Soil Erosion Study Based on Distribute Hydrological Model-the Case of The Tengtiao River

Tengtiao River, a main tributary of Yuan River-Red River located in south-east part of Yunnan Province, which has been experiencing an intensification of agriculture and serious soil erosion. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model, a soil, water, sediment, and nutrient transformation and simulator for agricultural watershed, was applied to this catchment to indentify the critical areas of soil erosion within the study area. The simulation efficiency (Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficient) of SWAT model in validation period is 0.76, and based on the simulation results of the model, the average annual steam flow of Tengtiao River is 48.46×108m3; the average annual soil loss is 94.39×104t. The results provided scientific basis for designing measurement for ecosystem restoration and sound land management, which were especially useful for the researches on distributed hydrological model application in plateau mountainous watershed.