竖缝式鱼道桩柱结构过鱼效果探索

竖缝式鱼道作为一种协助鱼类洄游上溯从而缓解提升河流连通性 的设施得到广泛的应用，但是多数鱼道的实际过鱼效能并不理想，尤其 是鱼道的池室结构尚具有一定的提升空间。本研究通过数值模拟和对照性过鱼试验对池室内部未增加和4种方式增加桩柱的池室水流结构进行了比较分析。结果表明在鱼道主流中间增设桩柱结构，可以有效减小回流区面积，减幅达49%;并减小竖缝处紊动能，最大紊动能减小18%;增加鱼类上溯路线分布，提高了池室空间利用率更高 。分析两种结构的上溯轨迹发现，齐口裂腹鱼多选择回流区外侧上溯，避免进入回流区中心，多选择较高的水力应变与紊动能区域调整作为上溯方向 ，且上溯路线中偏好较低水力因子区域上溯，上溯偏好流速范围0.01~0.09m/s，紊动能范围0.001~0.008m2/s2，水力应变范围0.2~3.0s-1

Exploring the fish passage effect of vertical slot fishway with cylinder structure

The vertical slot fishway is widely used as a facility to assist fish to migrate upstream so as to ease the river connectivity. However, the actual fish passage efficiency of most fishways is not satisfactory, especially the pool structure still has some potential for improvement. The pool flow structure with the addition of cylinders was analyzed by numerical simulation and controlled fish passage experiments in this study. The results showed that adding cylinders in the middle of the mainstream of fishway can effectively reduce the reflux zone area and the turbulent kinetic energy at the vertical slot, increasing the distribution of fish upstreaming routes as well as the utilization rate of pool space. The analysis of the upstreaming trajectories of two structures showed that the floundering fish mostly chose to upstream outside the reflux zone to avoid entering its center, preferred the higher hydraulic strain and turbulence energy area to adjust the upstreaming direction and the lower hydraulic factor area in the upstreaming route to upstream, the preferred flow velocity range was 0.01~0.09m/s, the turbulent kinetic energy range was 0.001~0.008m2/s2, and the hydraulic strain range was 0.001~0.008m2/s2.