陕西大宗鱼类养殖水域环境现状及质量状况评价

摘 要 2008、2009年，对陕西大宗淡水鱼类养殖水域12项水质参数（pH、TN、TP、CODMn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、石油类、挥发酚和非离子氨）进行了监测，采用单因子比较法和污染指数法进行了评价。结果表明：陕西大宗淡水鱼类养殖水域不同程度地受到pH、非离子氨、TN、TP、CODMn、Cu、Zn、Hg和Pb等9项指标的污染。主要污染物为非离子氨、TP、TN和CODMn，两年中这4项污染物超标范围均占监测水域的70%以上,在所监测指标中负荷比占到89.5%和80.8%；非离子氨是最主要的污染物，两年中其单项污染指数I（20.2、5.80）和负荷比Q（57.37%、27.70%）均居首位，其次是TN（I：4.69、5.28；Q：13.3%、25.2%）、TP（I：4.05、4.13；Q：11.5%、19.7%）。Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb的超标范围较小；石油类、挥发性酚和Cd在所监测水域均未超标。2009年陕西大宗淡水鱼类养殖水域污染程度比2008年有所减缓，但所监测参数分别在两年间的差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。慎防非离子氨中毒，开展总磷、总氮污染的治理应该是陕西大宗淡水鱼类养殖中首要解决的环境问题。

Assessment of Present Situation and Quality of Fishery Environment on a Large Amount of Freshwater Fish in Shaanxi Province

Abstract :Measurements were made on 12 water quality parameters (pH, TN, TP, CODMn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, oil, volatile phenol and non-ionic ammonia) of a Large amount of freshwater fish breeding waters in Shaanxi Province during 2008and 2009, with Comparison of single-factor and pollution index methods evaluated those parameters, and investigated the situation of aquaculture. The results showed that:The breeding water of a Large amount of freshwater fish in Shaanxi was polluted by the pH, TP, TN and CODMn,which the pollutant extent exceeded the range of 70% in two years, the load ratio accounted for 89.5% and 80.8%; non-ionic ammonia is the most important pollutants, its individual pollution index I (20.2,5.80) and the load ratio Q (57.37%, 27.70%) are ranks first, followed by TN (I: 4.69,5.28; Q: 13.3%, 25.2%), TP (I: 4.05,4.13; Q: 11.5%, 19.7%) in two years monitoring. Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb exceeded small; oil, volatile phenol and Cd in the monitoring of the waters were not exceeded. The monitoring of all parameters were no significant difference (P>0.05) between 2008 and 2009 years. Beware of non-ionic ammonia poisoning, carried out TP, TN pollution should be the primary environment problems in a Large amount of freshwater fish culture in Shaanxi Province.