涵洞过鱼效果评价方法述评

涵洞作为常见的输水建筑物，也承担着修复河流连通性的功能。 本文概述了涵洞过鱼的障碍类型，包括落差障碍、下游水深不足障碍，流速障碍，水深障碍，概述了涵洞过鱼效果评价方法，包括简易评价法、监测评价法和虚拟评价法，分析了各方法优缺点，并指出虚拟评价法在涵洞过鱼效果评价中的巨大优势与发展前景，提出了提高模拟精度的方向：利用开放水槽获得更精确的鱼类游泳能力数据；深入研究鱼类贴壁运动的行为，量化鱼类实际运动区域的面积和位置；深入分析鱼类的跳跃行为与下游水深、流量，起跳速度和方向的关系，量化各因素对鱼类跳跃的影响程度；合理选取分析对象；适当调整水力计算方法以适应国内规范；量化鱼类运动模式与环境因子水力学条件的响应关系等。

Review of Methods for Evaluating Fish Passage through Culverts

As a common water delivery structure, culverts play an important role in connecting rivers but significantly affect fish abundance and community structure. To optimize culvert design, evaluation of fish passage through culverts is necessary to assess how culverts affect fish migration. In this study we first considered the factors that interfere with fish passage through culverts, including the drop between culvert and downstream water level, inadequate downstream water depth, and culvert water velocity and depth. Then, we summarized the methods used to evaluate fish migration through culverts and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The simple evaluation method, based on an understanding of the swimming behavior, allows rapid evaluation of culverts, but the results are adequate only for an initial assessment. Measuring fish passage rates directly with monitoring equipment gives accurate results but requires a large, long term effort. Thus, development of an accurate virtual evaluation method would be highly advantageous. FishXing software can comprehensively analyze the factors affecting fish passage, at low cost and high efficiency, and provide accurate information for design optimization. Finally, several suggestions were made for improving the simulation accuracy of FishXing software: (1) Obtain more accurate data on fish swimming ability using open flume testing. (2) Quantify the impact of factors that affect fish jumping by analyzing the relationship between fish jumping behavior and downstream water depth and flow, and the relationship between jumping speed and direction. (3) Modify the parameter input module so that the design can be adapted to local standards. (4) Quantify the response of fish movement patterns to hydraulic conditions.