水生态监测国内外发展及在长江流域的应用思考

水生态监测是水生态健康评估、保护及修复的重要基础。随着我国经济转向高质量发展和生态文明建设的不断推进，水生态监测逐步规范化和系统化。本文梳理了国内外水生态监测与评价的发展历程，总结了欧盟和美国水生态监测及评价体系构建的成功经验及对我国的借鉴意义，进一步分析了长江流域水生态监测工作现状及存在的问题，并以问题为导向，从流域统一监管、监测站网优化、监测工作常态化、监测标准体系完善、监测能力提升等多个层面提出建议，以期为长江流域和我国水生态监测和评价工作提供参考。

Development of Water Ecological Monitoring at Home and Abroad and the Thinking of Its Application in the Yangtze River Basin

Water ecological monitoring is an important basis for water ecological health assessment, protection and restoration. With the development of China''s high-quality economy and the continuous progress of ecological civilization, the water ecological monitoring system is gradually standardized and systematized. In this paper, we summarized the development of water ecological monitoring and evaluation at home and abroad, and discussed the successful experience of the European Union and the United States in constructing the water ecological monitoring and evaluation system as well as its reference to China. Further, the current situation and existing problems of water ecological monitoring in the Yangtze River basin were analyzed and some suggestions were put forward, including unifying the supervision of river basin, optimizing the network of water ecological monitoring station, normalizing the monitoring work, improving monitoring standard system and monitoring capacity. The study will provide references for the monitoring and evaluation of water ecology in the Yangtze River basin and other river basins in China.