基于底栖动物生物完整性的武汉市湖泊生态系统健康评价

大型底栖动物是生态系统健康评价最常用的生物类群。本文以武汉市浅水湖泊为研究区域，分析近20年（1998-2018）野外调查的104个湖次底栖动物数据，初步构建适合我国中部浅水湖泊底栖动物完整性评价的多参数指数MMI (Multimetric Index)，包括36个群落结构性参数和35个功能性参数共71个生物参数，经筛选武汉湖泊MMI指数由总分类单元数、腹足类个体数%、功能趋异指数和穴居者%共4个核心指标组成。通过比值法将健康状态划分为5个等级：健康、亚健康、一般、差和极差。回归分析结果表明，MMI指数不仅与富营养化指标关系显著，能够反映湖泊营养状态的变化；而且能够显著区分城市湖泊与农村湖泊，城市湖泊的健康状况明显差于农村湖泊。基于MMI的健康评价结果表明，武汉市湖泊健康状况一般，其中34.6%湖泊健康状况亚健康以上，41.3%的湖泊健康状况处于一般水平，24.1%湖泊健康状况较差。本研究构建的包含功能性状参数的MMI完整性指数，可在湖泊健康评价中推广应用，也为湖泊修复和可持续发展提供了科学基础。

Ecosystem Health Assessment of Lakes in Wuhan Based on Macrobenthos Biological Integrity

The multi-metric index (MMI), based on biological integrity is the most widely used biology evaluation index for water ecosystem health and macrobenthos are the most used organisms. In this study, we evaluated the biological integrity of shallow lakes in Wuhan City based on the constructed multi-metric index (MMI) and analyzed the relationship of lake MMI with eutrophication indicators and land use patterns. The development of the MMI used to evaluate shallow lakes in Wuhan City was based on 104 field investigations of macrobenthos in 79 shallow lakes from 1998 to 2018. 71 candidate metrics were selected for the MMI system, including 36 community structure metrics and 35 functional metrics. After screening, four core metrics from among the 71 potential metrics were used to calculate the final score: total taxa, percentage of Gastropoda, functional divergence (Fdiv) and percentage of Burrowers. Based on the ratio method, the health condition of each lake fell into one of five categories: healthy, sub-healthy, fair, poor and very poor. Regression analysis shows that the MMI of lakes in Wuhan City was significantly related to eutrophication indicators, reflecting the nutrient state of the lakes and distinguishing urban lakes from rural lakes. The MMI results show that the health status of urban lakes was significantly worse than that of rural lakes. The ecosystem health assessment results show that the health condition of lakes in Wuhan City was not good, 34.6% of the lakes were in healthy and sub-healthy condition, 41.3% were in fair condition, and 24.1% were at poor and very poor condition. In a word, the constructed MMI developed in this investigation, including the functional trait metrics, can be generally applied for urban/suburban lake health assessment, and the evaluation results will provide a scientific basis for lake restoration and sustainable development.