海南省文澜江底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价

为了解海南省临高县文澜江流域底栖动物群落结构特征,探索适宜的水质生物学评价方法,为文澜江流域环境监测、环境评价和科学管理提供数据参考。于2014年11月对文澜江流域17个点位底栖动物群落结构进行调查,并采用5种生物指数对水质现状进行了评价。结果表明,文澜江流域共采集底栖动物56种,隶属4门、7纲、29科,其中水生昆虫占绝对优势,共38种,占总数的67.86%;底栖动物密度和生物量分别为376.11个/m~2和200.79 g/m~2;多足摇蚊属(Polypedilum sp.)、米虾属(Caridina sp.)和环棱螺属(Bellamya sp.)为优势种,优势度分别为0.16、0.04和0.03。采用Goodnight-Whitley修正指数(GBI)和生物指数(BI)对文澜江流域水质整体评价结果均为清洁;采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和生物学污染指数(BPI)的流域水质整体评估结果均为轻污染,3种水质生物指数评估结果基本相似,并与常规水质监测结果基本吻合。以水产养殖为主的水库出水口和流经临高县县城河道的水质处于中度污染程度,表明水产养殖废水、城市生活污水等对底栖动物的物种组成和群落结构造成了一定影响。

Macrozoobenthos Community Structure and Bioassessment of Water Quality in Wenlan River, Hainan Province

The first investigation was conducted on the community structure of macrozoobenthos along the main stream of Wenlanjiang River of Lingao County, Hainan Province, China, in November 2014, and biological index was used in the water quality water quality bioassessment of the Wenlanjiang River was assessed with biotic indices. A total of 56 species of macrozoobenthos were collected, belonging to 7 families and 29 genera, and aquatic insects had the largest number, with 38 species (63.8% of the total), among all the macrozoobenthos. The survey found that Polypedilum sp, Caridina sp., and Bellamya sp. were the most frequently found among all the macrozoobenthos dominant species. The water quality result assessed with Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, and BPI-Biology pollution Family biotic index were index were basically coincident with each other similar, and were accordant were approximately agree with chemical monitoring results. The bioassessment water quality of the Wenlanjiang River was fair, but the aquaculture-based of reservoir and urban river of flowing through Lingao County were moderately contaminated or seriously contaminated. It was presumed that the macrozoobenthos species composition and community structure had been affected due to the non-point source of agricultural and municipal sewage.