鲟鱼病原性疾病研究进展

鲟是地球上最古老的物种之一。我国自1991年后开始鲟类的商业化养殖，主要品种有引进的匙吻鲟、杂交鲟、小体鲟、俄罗斯鲟和西伯利亚鲟，黑龙江流域出产的施氏鲟、达乌尔鳇，以及施氏鲟和达乌尔鳇的杂交种等。随着养殖业的发展，鲟疾病不断增多，严重制约了养殖产业的健康发展。目前发现的鲟致病性病原有病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫等。概述了目前国内外鲟病原性疾病的研究进展，包括感染种群、致死率、临床症状、病原分离鉴定和药物控制等方面。目前对鲟病害的研究，在发病机制、免疫防治以及结合环境和营养因素的综合防控技术等方面还十分缺乏，应系统开展鲟疾病的流行病学、病原学、诊断技术以及防控技术研究。

Overview of Sturgeon Pathogenic Disease Research

Sturgeon is one of the oldest species in the world. Sturgeon aquaculture has started in China since 1991 and has become an important economic fish. The main varieties include imported Paddlefish, hybrid sturgeon, Sterlet, Russian sturgeon and Siberian sturgeon, and Amur sturgeon, Kaluga and hybrid sturgeon (Amur sturgeon× Kaluga) from Heilongjiang River. With the development of sturgeon aquaculture industry, sturgeon diseases, especially the pathogenic diseases, are increasing quickly, which seriously impacts the healthy development of sturgeon culture industry. The major sturgeon pathogens included virus, bacteria, fungi and parasite. In this report the research progresses of the sturgeon pathogenic diseases both at home and abroad are presented, including the infected population, clinical signs, mortality, pathogens isolation and identification, the prevention and control methods. But the research on pathogenesis, immune control and the comprehensive prevention technology combining environmental influence and nutrition factors, is still lacking and the related study should be carried out systematically in the future. This review is of great significance for the further studies on the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and control of sturgeon pathogenic diseases.