南水北调东线南四湖湖鲚种群的形态判别与地理亲缘关系

为澄清南水北调东线南四湖湖鲚种群的地理亲缘关系，运用多变量形态度量学方法，基于26项形态特征参数比较研究了4个水域的鲚（Coilia ectenes）种群之间的形态差异。检视南四湖湖鲚样本50尾、太湖湖鲚50尾、洪泽湖湖鲚50尾、利津水库刀鲚1980年代标本50尾。聚类分析结果表明：洪泽湖群体和南四湖群体之间的形态最为接近，首先聚为一支；太湖群体聚为另一支；黄河附属水体利津水库群体与其他3个群体的亲缘关系相对较远。以筛选10个性状的特征值建立的函数判别分析，判别准确率为洪泽湖群体82．7％、利津水库群体100％、南四湖群体84％和太湖群体84．9％，综合判别准确率为84．3％。主成分分析，洪泽湖群体、南四湖群体和太湖群体之间的重叠较多，群体间的遗传距离较近。单因子方差分析，4个鲚群体间有15项形态比例参数差异达到极显著水平（P ＜0．01），其他11个形态比例参数的差异系数均小于1．28，表明 4个鲚群体间的形态差异尚未达到亚种水平，属于不同地理群体间的差异。从水系连通上推断，南四湖湖鲚为2002年长江向南四湖应急生态补水时由洪泽湖和骆马湖湖鲚群体扩散建群。

Morphological Discriminant Analysis and Phylogeography of Coilia ectenes taihuensis in Nansi Lake on the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project

Using the multivariate morphometrics and the stepwise discriminant method, the morphological variations were investigated among geographical populations of Coilia ectenes from four lakes and reservoirs . Cluster analysis showed that the population of Hongzehu lake and Nansihu lake clustering, together with Taihu lake population,finally Lijin reservoir population together into a clade. 25 morphological proportional characters were screened, 10 characteristic value traits were obtained, the discriminant function formula of 4 populations were established, the synthetic discriminant rate was 84.3%; The principal component analysis showed that three populations of Hongzehu lake, Nansihu lake and Taihu lake shared many morphological characters. According to 75% rule of Mayr etc, populations of Coilia ectenes from three lakes belonged to different geographical groups.