高邮湖大银鱼、太湖新银鱼Cytb和COⅠ 基因序列多态性分析

为探明高邮湖大银鱼、太湖新银鱼野生资源状况,利用线粒体DNA Cytb和COⅠ基因序列,对高邮湖大银鱼、太湖新银鱼的遗传多样性水平及遗传结构进行分析。试验结果显示,大银鱼Cytb基因序列全长1141 bp,其中多态性位点14个,共定义12个单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.871±0.031和0.00172±0.00019,具有高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性特征。COⅠ基因片段长度为630 bp,其中多态位点5个,共定义6个单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.747±0.041和0.00202±0.00019,具有高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性特征;太湖新银鱼Cytb基因序列全长1141 bp,其中多态性位点13个,共定义9个单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.609±0.078和0.00094±0.00027,具有高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性特征。COⅠ基因片段长度为630 bp,其中多态位点2个,共定义3个单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.232±0.085和0.00038±0.00014,呈现低单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性。大银鱼和太湖新银鱼Tajima′s D和Fu′Fs中性检验值为负值,且歧点分布曲线呈单峰型,表明历史上经历过种群扩张。研究结果表明,应通过多种措施加强高邮湖银鱼种质资源保护。

Genetic Polymorphism Analysis of Cytb and COⅠ Gene Sequences of Icefish Protosalanx hyalocranius and Neosalanx taihuensis in Lake Gaoyou

The genetic diversity and genetic structure were analyzed in two populations of icefish Protosalanx hyalocranius and Neosalanx taihuensis in Lake Gaoyou by sequencing the Cytb and COⅠ genes in the mitochondrial DNA in order to understand the current situation of wild resources of the wild populations of icefish in the Lake Gaoyou. The full Cytb gene sequences(1141 bp) were obtained from 40 individuals of P.hyalocranius,14 variable sites were detected and 12 haplotypes were defined, with haplotype diversity of 0.871±0.031, and the nucleotide diversity of 0.00172±0.00019, showing a type of high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The partial COⅠ gene sequences(630 bp) were obtained, 5 variable sites were detected and 6 haplotypes were defined in 40 individuals of P.hyalocranius, with haplotype diversity of 0.747±0.041, and the nucleotide diversity of 0.00202±0.00019, showing a type of high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The full Cytb gene sequences(1141 bp) were obtained,13 variable sites were detected and 9 haplotypes were defined from 40 individuals of N. taihuensis, with haplotype diversity of 0.609±0.078, and nucleotide diversity of 0.00094±0.00027, which had a type of high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The partial COⅠ gene sequences(630 bp) were obtained, 2 variable sites were detected and 3 haplotypes were defined in 40 individuals of N. taihuensis, with haplotype diversity of 0.232±0.085, and nucleotide diversity of 0.00038±0.00014, indicating that it had a type of low haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The neutrality test revealed that icefish P. hyalocranius and N. taihuensis in Lake Gaoyou had negative Tajima′s D and Fu′s Fs values, with significant difference, and mismatch distribution analysis map showed a peak type, suggesting P. hyalocranius and N. taihuensis have experienced population expansion in the history. The findings indicate that it should take much more measures to protect the icefish resources in Lake Gaoyou.