山泉流水与池塘养殖草鱼营养成分比较

为比较山泉流水和池塘养殖草鱼的品质区别,测定了体质量为1500~1750 g的两种方式养殖草鱼的基本营养、矿物元素、胶原蛋白、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量及肌肉抗氧化能力。测定结果表明,山泉流水养殖草鱼水分、粗脂肪、K和Na含量显著低于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),粗蛋白、灰分、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn和Se含量显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05);山泉流水养殖草鱼肌肉不可溶性胶原蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活力显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),丙二醛含量则显著低于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05);山泉流水养殖草鱼的总必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸分别为15.76%、5.60%,显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),氨基酸评分、化学评分和必需氨基酸指数均高于池塘养殖草鱼;山泉流水养殖草鱼饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸显著低于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05)。综上可知,山泉流水养殖草鱼在蛋白与脂肪含量、肌肉抗氧化能力、氨基酸平衡性及脂肪酸质量等方面优于普通池塘养殖草鱼。

Comparison of Nutrient Composition in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus Cultured in Spring Flowing Water and in a Routine Pond

The approximate nutrient composition, contents of mineral elements, collagen, amino acids and fatty acids and muscular antioxidant capacity were comparatively analyzed in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, with body weight of 1500-1750 g, cultured in spring flowing water and in a routine pond by generic methods in order to compare the differences in muscular quality in grass carp farmed in different waters. The results showed that there were significantly lower moisture, and contents of crude fat, K and Na in muscle of the grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds(P<0.05). However, there were significantly higher contents of crude protein, ash, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Se in muscle of the grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds(P<0.05). The grass carp farmed in spring flowing water had significantly higher content of insoluble collagen and superoxide dixmutase(SOD) activity than the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds did(P<0.05), with lower malondialdehyde(MDA) content in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water(P<0.05). A total of 18 amino acids were detected in muscles of grass carp farmed in both cultural patterns, significantly higher contents of total amino acids(TAA) and essential amino acids(EAA) in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds(P<0.05).There was 5.6% of delicious amino acid contents in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water and 5.35% of delicious amino acid contents in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds, with higher amino acid score(AAS), chemical score(CS) and essential amino acid index(EAAI) in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds. The grass carp farmed in spring flowing water had significantly lower saturated fatty acid(SFA) and mono-unsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) than the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds did(P<0.05), with significantly higher level of poly-unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) in muscle of grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than that in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds(P<0.05). In conclusion, the grass carp farmed in spring flowing water showed higher nutritional value in the muscle than the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds did.