对虾的主要疾病及其诊断方法

诊断对虾病原的方法有传统的形态病理学（光镜和电镜直接观察和组织病理学等）、扩增和生物测定、微生物学和血清学方法，对皮下及造血组织坏死病毒病（IHHNV）、肝胰脏细小病毒病（HPV）、拖拉症（Taura syndrome,TS）、白斑综合症（WSSV）、斑节对虾型杆状病毒病（MBV）和杆状对虾病毒病（BP）等病原均采用非放射性的基因组探针目前已研制出了NHP、某些弧菌（Vibrio spp）和微孢子虫的传统基因探针，根据聚合酶链式反应（PCR），采用DNA扩增方法确立的检测某些病原的高敏感性方法也应用在对虾病原诊断上。

Principal Shrimp Diseases and Current Diagnostic Methods

Diagnostic methods for pathogens of principal shrimp diseases include the traditional methods of morphological pathology(direct light microscopy,electron microscopy and histopathology),enhancement and bioassay methods,microbiololgy and the application of serological methods While tissue culture is considered to be a standard tool in medical and veterinary diagnosis,it has never been developed as a usable routine diagnostic tool for shrimp pathogens The need for rapid,sensitive diagnostic methods lead to the application of modern biotechnology to penaeid shrimp diseases The nonradioactive genomic probes has been used in diagnosis and detection of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus(IHHNV),hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV),Taura syndrome(TS),white spot syndrome (WSS),Penaeus monodon-type baculovirus(MBV)and Baculovirus-type penaeus virus(BP),additional genomic probes or viruses(NHP),bacteria( Vibrio spp )and microsporidia These advanced molecular methods like DNA amplification methods based on the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)have been used in diagnosis of shrimp diseases,which promise to improve current shrimp farming