一种新型贝壳鱼礁的大型底栖藻类附着效果初探

在大连市长海县大长山岛海域选取A、B、C 3个区域,于2013年11月向A区和C区分别投放混凝土构件礁和新型贝壳鱼礁,B区作为空白对照区,于投礁1个月、半年和1年后对3个区域开展环境因子和大型底栖藻类资源状况调查,分析藻类群落演替规律及其与环境因子的关系,评价贝壳礁上藻类的附着效果。调查结果表明,投礁1个月后,3个区域藻类种类和数量差异较小,随着投礁时间延长,混凝土构件礁区和贝壳礁区大型底栖藻类的生物量和种类均大于空白对照区,其中贝壳礁区藻类生物量和种类增加得更为显著,且相较于另外2个区域,藻类群落结构更早趋于稳定。环境因子对藻类生物量影响的去趋势对应分析和主成分分析表明,影响不同藻类生物量的环境因子有差别。分别对3个区域的藻类群落和主要环境因子指标进行冗余分析发现,影响3个区域藻类群落变化的最主要环境因子均为水温,影响自然礁石和混凝土构件礁上藻类群落的次要因子为氮、磷营养盐等,而影响贝壳礁上藻类群落的次要因子为溶解氧和叶绿素a。

Attaching Effect of Benthic Macro-algae on a New Artificial Shell Reef

The concrete reefs were installed in area A and new artificial shell reefs (shell reefs) were disposed in area C, without any reefs in area B as a control in Dachangshan Island in Dalian, Liaoning province, in November 2013. The community succession of macrobenthic algae and relationship with environmental factors were investigated based on the data collected in 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after the reef disposure in the 3 areas. The results showed that there were more biomass and species of macrobenthic algae on concrete structural reefs and shell reefs than those in the control group (area B) elapse of the reef disposure time, especially on the shell reefs in which the algal community structure was gradually stable one month after the reefs were installed. The detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that there were different environmental factors affecting the biomass of macrobenthic algae. The redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the water temperature was the principal environmental factor affecting the change in macrobenthic algae communities, that nitrogen or phosphorus levels the secondary affecting factor of macrobenthic algae communities in the natural reefs and concrete reefs, and that levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) and Chl a the secondary affecting factor in shell reefs.