温度、盐度和体质量对钝缀锦蛤滤食率和同化率的影响

为探明钝缀锦蛤的摄食生理,以北海近海人工中间培育和养殖的钝缀锦蛤为试验材料,室内条件下采用试验生态法研究温度、盐度和体质量对钝缀锦蛤滤食率与同化率的影响。试验结果表明,在温度17～33℃条件下,滤食率随温度的升高,呈先升后降的趋势,滤食率(y)与水温(x)之间的回归方程为y=-4.338×10^-3 x^3+0.311x2-6.915x+49(r2=0.999),同化率随着温度的升高而增大,温度对同化率的影响显著(P<0.01);在盐度18～33条件下,滤食率随盐度的升高呈先增后降的趋势,盐度27～30时保持较高的滤食率,滤食率(y)与盐度(x)之间的回归方程为y=-0.027x^2+1.638x-19.52(r^2=0.994),同化率随盐度的升高而增大,盐度为30时同化率最高,盐度对同化率的影响显著(P<0.01);滤食率随体质量增加而降低,体质量对同化率影响不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,钝缀锦蛤属典型热带和亚热带种群品种,适宜生活在温度和盐度较稳定的潮下带区域,非广温广盐性贝类。

Effects of Temperature,Salinity and Body Weight on Filtration and Assimilation Rates of Clam Tapes dorsatus

The effects of temperature,salinity and body weight on filtration rate and assimilation rate were studied in clam Tapes dorsatus held and cultured in Beihai coastal waters in a laboratory using experimental ecological methods to understand the feeding physiology of the clam.The filtration rate was shown to be increased first and then decreased with increasing temperature from 17℃to 33℃,with the regression equation between filtration rate(y)and temperature(x)as y=-4.338×10-3 x 3+0.311 x 2-6.915 x+49(r 2=0.999).The assimilation rate was found to be increased with warming temperature,temperature affecting on the assimilation rate significantly(P<0.01),the filtration rate was increased first and then decreased with increase in salinity from 18 to 33,high filtration rate at a salinity of 27-30,the regression equation between filtration rate(y)and salinity(x)as y=-0.027 x 2+1.638 x-19.52(r 2=0.994).The assimilation rate was increased with increase in salinity,and salinity affected the assimilation rate very significantly(P<0.01),with the maximum at salinity 30.The filtration rate was decreased with increase in body weight which had no significant effect on the assimilation rate(P>0.05).In conclusion,T.dorsatus as a typical tropical and subtropical clam,not an euryhaline and eurythermic shellfish,is adaptable for live in subtidal zone with stable temperature and salinity.