发展我国南极磷虾渔业的探讨

南极磷虾不但资源量巨大，而且营养价值高，已引起世界各国的极大关注。自６０年代初期前苏联进行试捕调查以来，至今已有几十个国家对南极磷虾进行调查研究。前苏联、日本等国先后从７０年代开始对南极磷虾进行商业性捕捞，已形成年捕捞量数十万ｔ的规模。我国是海洋渔业资源不多，渔民人数多及捕捞生产能力较高，渔业技术较发达的国家。国内市场需求水产品数量很大，急切地谋求对外发展。重视发展我国的南极磷虾渔业，积极开发利用

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTARCTIC KRILL FISHERIES IN CHINA

The estimates of krill stocks in the Antarctic have varied greatly from several hundred million tons to several thousand million tons, and its annual allowable catch is some ten million tons to 200 million tons. At present, due to overfishing the resources of traditional commercial fishes declined while Antarctic krill, rich in resources and nuitrition, have attracted worldwide interest. More than ten countries, such as former Soviet Union and Japan, have successively conducted investigation and research work on Antarctic krill since the early 1960s, and basically mastered the exploiting techniques of detecting, fishing and processing of Antarctic krill. The annual catch of Antarctic krill increased to several hundred thousand tons from 1979. With deeping reform and opening to the world, the fisheries production in China has seized conspicuous achievements and the output of aquatic products has remained in the lead since 1990s. However,. owing to the limitation of marine fishery resources in China, the output of per unit of fishing boat and horse power have decreased year by year. This has indicated that the development of marine fishing power in our country has greatly surpassed the fishing resources which can enduce, and has led to the depletion of conventional resources. With the increase of population and the development of economics in China, the demand of aquatic products can not meet the needs of the people by merely relying on the fishery resources in our country. The development of Antarctic krill fisheries is undoubtedly an effective to meet the demand of people for aquatic products in China under the new marine era of 200 miles. As Antarctic krill fishing ground is far away from China and the fishing season rather short, the development of Antarctic krill fisheries in China must be combined with the development of Chilean horse mackerel fishing ground in the South Pacific Ocean, so as to raise the economic results obtained from fishing.