闽东海区张网渔业调查与分析

本文根据 1981～ 2 0 0 2年闽东海区张网渔业的生产统计数据及 1998～ 2 0 0 2年资源监测资料 ,分析了闽东海区张网渔业的作业类型、桁位分布、渔获组成、经济效益及其存在问题。结果表明 :闽东海区张网渔业的作业类型多种多样 ,但在渔船、网具数量和产量所占比例较大的类型仅有板缯、冬猛和企桁 3种 ;1981年以来 ,闽东海区张网作业桁位不断向深水海域拓展 ,渔船、网具向大型化发展 ,捕捞强度逐年增长 ,对渔业资源的损害程度有增无减 ;全海区张网年产量随着捕捞强度的增大不断增长 ,一直居各种海洋捕捞作业的首位 ;张网捕捞强度盲目增长的原因之一是沿岸海区网箱养殖业的发展 ,对饵料鱼需求量增长 ,使张网作业比较效益处于较高的地位 ;张网作业渔获物中经济幼鱼、幼体的比重达 2 0 .0～ 30 .0 % ,尤其是 6～ 7月间 ,高达 4 0～ 6 0 % ,其中带鱼幼体体重大多小于 10g。据此 ,作者提出削减现有张网作业捕捞强度和调整禁渔期等建议。

The fishery investigation and analysis of stow net in Eastern Fujian sea waters

According to the production statistics of stow net fishery in Eastern Fujian during 1981-2002 and resource monitoring data from 1998-2002, this paper systematically analysed the production types, locality distribution, catch composition, economic benefits and existing problems. The results showed that the production types are multifarious, but only three types such as stationary lift net, Dongmen and Qiyan have the large proportion in vessel number, net number and yield. Since 1981, the stow net area in Eastern Fujian has been continually expanding to deeper sea, the vessel and net have been becoming bigger and bigger, and fishing intensity have been increasing year after year, thus seriously injuring the fishery resources. The yield of stow net increased with this fishing intensity which ranked first in all fisheries. The main reason for the increase of fishing intensity of stow net is that the inshore water cage culture develops quickly, and the demands of catch continually increase, and moreover the benefits of stow net are more than those of other types. In recent years, the proportion of economic juveniles of the catches of stow net can reach 20-30%, especially in June and July can be up to 40-60%,in which more of the body weight of Trichiurus haumela is less than 10g. This paper also puts forward the fishery management suggestions on reducing fishing intensity of stow net and adjusting the closed season.