吕四渔场海区大竹蛏的繁育与生长

2007～2011年间在江苏省文蛤良种场对采自吕四渔场海域的大竹蛏(Solen grandis)开展了繁育与生长特性研究。结果表明,吕四渔场海区大竹蛏性腺发育以1年为1个周期,可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期、休止期5个阶段,繁殖季节为5～7月份。肥满度呈季节性变化,最大值出现在9月份,为102.94%;最低值出现在7月份,为68.30%。在工厂化育苗车间采用pH升高+流水刺激法,5年间催产25批次,总产卵量为43.86×108cell,平均孵化率为(55.14±3.34)%。共获得平均壳长(6.04±1.38)mm的稚贝4.212×108cfu,育苗成活率为(26.20±6.86)%。在水温19.5～24.5℃条件下,D形幼虫经5～10 d生长,发育变态为附着稚贝;经30 d培育,稚贝壳长生长到5 mm;经60 d培育,稚贝壳长生长到1 cm。大竹蛏生长与温度关系曲线显示,12月至翌年3月份水温在13.7℃以下时大竹蛏生长滞缓,其余时间生长明显,壳长平均月壳长增长4.723 mm。连续2年对大竹蛏的周年生长进行跟踪测定,大竹蛏养殖到第二年年末壳长达69.66 mm。稚贝生长过程中壳长与粒重的回归关系式为y=0.066 9x2.877 2,(R2=0.991 9)。研究结果为大竹蛏繁育技术的工艺化和人工养殖的开展积累数据。

The artificial breeding and growth of Solen grandis from Lvsi fishing ground

Ground of artificial breeding technique of Solen grandis and growth characteristic of juveniles were carried out at improved meretrix Jiangsu Ground from 2007 to 2011.The results showed that a complete annual reproductive cycle of Solen grandis Dunker from Lvsi fishing ground could be divided into five stages: proliferation stage from late November to January in water temperature of 0-15 ℃,enhancement stage in 1.8-15 ℃ from February to March,mature stage in 11.2-22 ℃ from April to May,breeding stage in 17.8-32.6℃ from mid May to July,and suspension stage in 12.6-31.2 ℃ from the end of August to mid November.The breeding season was from the end of May to June.Fatness changed with temperature,and showed seasonal variations.The highest fatness was 102.94% in September,and the lowest was 68.30% in July.By varying pH and running-water stimulation,Solen grandis spawned 25 batches in five years and the total amount of eggs produced was 43.86×108 cell with average hatching rate of(55.14±3.34)%.We got 4.212×108 individuals of juvenile Solen grandis with average shell length of 6.04±1.38mm,whose survival rate was(26.20±6.86)%.Under the condition of water temperature 19.5-24.5 ℃,D-shaped larvae metamorphosed to juveniles.The shell length of juveniles reached 5mm after 5-10 days of cultivation and they reached 1cm after 60 days.From December to March,juvenile Solen grandis grew slowly under the temperature of 13.7 ℃,while the monthly increase of shell length of Solen grandis reached 4.723 mm in the other months.The shell length of juvenile Solen grandis reached 69.66mm after two years.In the course of juvenile growth,the regression equation of shell length and weight was y=0.066 9x2.877 2,(R2=0.991 9).Results of the study can accumulate data for artificial breeding technique and artificial culture of Solen grandis.